conditions Flashcards
from which cells do malignant melanomas of skin arise from?
melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis
what does Breslow thickness refer to?
the distance between the granular layer + deepest tumour cell
–> thickness is linked to prognosis
what enzyme is deficient in erythropoietic protoporphyria?
ferrochelatase
build up of protoporphyrin IX due to lack of ferrochelatase
where are the following dermatophyte infections - tinea unguium * capitis * corporis * pedis * manuum * cruris * barbae
unguium = nails capitis = scalp corporis = body pedis = foot manuum = hand cruris = groin barbae = beard
ringworm investigation
skin scraping for microscopy and culture + woodslight
impetigo investigation
swab of lesion sent in bacterial container for microscopy + culture
*contagious
shingles investigation
swab of lesion fluid sent in viral container for PCR
scabies investigation
skin scrapings for microscopy
inheritance in tuberous sclerosis
autosomal dominant
strain of HPV most common in warts/verrucas
types 1-4
first line treatment of rosacea
topical metronidazole
-> if ineffective - oral tetracycline
chemo and radiotherapy is the most effective way to treat malignant melanoma - T or F?
FALSE !!
most effective is early radical surgery
-> Due to their embryological origins and the high amount of melanin within them, malignant melanomas do not respond well to chemotherapy or radiotherapy even when used in combination.
eczema/dermatitis pathophysio
atopic condition caused by defects in the normal continuity if the skin barrier leading to inflammation
–> tiny gaps provide entrance for irritants, microbes + allergens - creates immune respone causing inflammation etc
mutation in what provides a genetic predisposition to eczema/dermatitis?
filaggrin production
eczema presentation
dry, red, itchy, sore
flexor surfaces - insides of elbows, knees
face + neck
flares
might resolve on holiday - warm/sun improves, away from work irritant
treatment of eczema/dermatitis
emollients + avoid irritants
topical steroids topical tacrolimus zinc impregnated bandages phototherapy - UVB systemic immunosuppressants
histology of atopic eczema
spongiotic dermatitis
pathogenesis of contact allergic eczema
type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
langerhans process antigen + presents to Th cells in dermis
–> sensitised Th cells go to nodes via lymphatics + amplifies
next time, specifically sensitised T cells proliferate, migrate + infiltrate skin
seborrheic dermatitis, Mx?
scalp, nasolabial folds, eyebrows
(dry flaky scalp in babies = cradle cap)
treatment = baby oil, white petroleum jelly
- anti-fungal cream - clotrimazole, miconazole
examples of anti-fungal cream
clotrimazole
miconazole
photosensitive dermatitis
reaction to UV light, characteristic cut off at collar
histology = spongiotic dermatitis