Principal Hormones Flashcards
Source, Action
Growth hormone
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates bone and muscle growth.
Prolactin
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates milk production and secretion.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates ovulation in females, testosterone synthesis in males.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Anterior pituitary. Stimulates follicle maturation in females, spermatogenesis in males.
Oxytocin
Hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary. Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secrection during lactation.
Vasopressin (ADH)
Hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary. Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys.
Thyroid hormone
Thyroid. Stimulates metabolic activity.
Calcitonin
Thyroid. Decreases the blood calcium level.
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid. Increase the blood calcium level.
Glucocorticoids
Adrenal cortex. Increase blood glucose level and decrease protein synthesis.
Mineralocorticoids
Adrenal cortex. Increase water reabsorption in kidneys.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla. Increase blood glucose level and heart rate.
Glucagon
Pancreas. Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver; increases blood glucose.
Insulin
Pancreas. Lowers blood glucose and increases storage of glycogen.
Somatostatin
Pancreas. Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin.
Testosterone
Testis. Maintains male secondary sexual characteristics.
Estrogen
Ovary/placenta. Maintains female secondary sexxual characteristics.
Progesterone
Ovary/placenta. Promotes growth/maintenance of endometrium.
Melatonin
Pineal. Unclear in humans.
Erythropoietin
Kidney. Stimulates bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes.
Atrial natriuretic hormone
Heart. Involved in osmoregulation.
Thymosin
Thymus. Stimulates T-lymphocyte development.
