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Part 2 > Princibles of Chiro > Flashcards

Princibles of Chiro Flashcards

1
Q

Founder of chiropractic
Nerve compression theory
Coined “innate intelligence”
used short-lever adjusting techs

A

DD Palmer

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2
Q

developer of chiropractic

Hole-in-one upper c tech, nerve tracing, the Meric system and use of leg length for subluxations

A

BJ Palmer

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3
Q

developed pelvic distortion and structural approach theory of subluxation.
said spine was weight bearing and adapting to various stresses

A

Carver

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4
Q 
developing SOT (sacral-occipital techniques)
CSF flow thru the pumping action of the sacrum and cranial dura mater
A

deJarnette

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5
Q

deved the concept of motion palpation and the original vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)

A

Faye

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6
Q

dev of Activator Method techn

A

Fuhr

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7
Q

first to use terms lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and inflammation

A

Galen

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8
Q

developed motion palpation in response to Belgium government making it illegal for chiros to take x-rays
his test involves standing on one leg (Stork test)

A

Gillet

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9
Q

deved the biomechanical basis of chiropractic adjustments

A

Gonstead

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10
Q

deved Applied Kinesiology and muscle testing

A

Goodheart

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11
Q

stated that subluxations, disc herniations, and exostoses may produce pressure on the dorsal nerve root

A

Hadley

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12
Q

first doctor to use to the word “subluxation” in 1746

A

Illi

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13
Q

deved Segmental Facilitation Theory. Neurons become more hyperresponsive and irritable. Joint receptors do not influence motor activity, muscle spindles do.

A

Korr

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14
Q

published the first chiro book in 1906. referred to brain as life force

A

Langworthy

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15
Q

first patient to be adjusted by DD Palmer

A

Lillard

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16
Q

dev of tech which measures vertebral misalignment from the sacrum upwards using full spine x rays

A

Logan

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17
Q

use of acupressure on trigger points, as well as addressing posture. Receptor-tonus technique

A

Nimmo

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18
Q

deved the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

A

Selye

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19
Q

identified 33 principles of chiropractic and is credited with the analogy of the “safety pin” cycle

A

Stephenson

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20
Q

known for segmental drop adjusting and leg length

A

Thompson

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21
Q

coining the term “chiropractic”

A

Weed

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22
Q

Meric Chart:

blood supply to head, brain and ear

A

C1

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23
Q

Meric Chart:

tonsils

A

C2-3

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24
Q

Meric Chart:

nose, mouth, palatine tube

A

C4

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25
Q

Meric Chart:

neck glands, pharynx, tonsils

A

C5-C6

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26
Q

Meric Chart:

heart

A

T2

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27
Q

Meric Chart:

lungs, bronchial tube, pleura

A

T3

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28
Q

Meric Chart:

gallbladder, common bile duct

A

T4

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29
Q

Meric Chart:

liver

A

T5

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30
Q

Meric Chart:

stomach

A

T6

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31
Q

Meric Chart:

pancreas, duodenum

A

T7

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32
Q

Meric Chart:

spleen

A

T8

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33
Q

Meric Chart:

adrenal glands

A

T9

34
Q

Meric Chart:

kidneys, ureters

A

T10-T11

35
Q

Meric Chart:

sex organs, uterus and bladder

A

L3

36
Q

Meric Chart:

prostate gland

A

L4

37
Q

Meric Chart:

testes

A

L4

38
Q

Angulation: 45 degrees
Orientation: Backwards, Upwards, Medial
Plane: Transverse
Motion: Rotaion

A

Cervical

39
Q

Angulation: 60 degrees
Orientation: Backwards, Upwards, Lateral
Plane: Coronal
Motion: Lateral Bending

A

Thoracic

40
Q

Angulation: 90 degrees
Orientation: Backwards and Medial
Plane: Sagittal
Motion: Flexion/extension

A

Lumbar

41
Q

Angulation: 90 degrees
Orientation: Backwards
Plane: Coronal
Motion: Lateral bending

A

Lumbosacral

42
Q

Nerve Fiber:
70-120 m/sec
12-20 um diameter
motor innervation to skeletal muscle

A

A alpha

43
Q

Nerve Fiber:
40-70 m/sec
5-12 um diameter
sensory to touch, vibration, discrim touch

A

A beta

44
Q

Nerve Fiber:
10-40 m/sec
3-5 um diameter
motor to muscle spindle

A

A gamma

45
Q

Nerve Fiber:
6-10 m/sec
2-3 um diameter
sensory to fast pain, temp, and crude touch

A

A delta

46
Q

Nerve Fiber:
3-5 m/sec
1-3 um diameter
autonomic preganglionic fibers

A

B

47
Q

Nerve Fiber:
3 m/sec
0.5 - 1 um diameter
ANS and sensory, postganglionic, slow pain

A

C

48
Q

Group 1a
Nerve Fiber: A alpha
Slowly adapting

Ex?

A

Muscle spindle afferent

49
Q

Group 1b
Nerve Fiber: A alpha
slowly adapting

A

Golgi tendon organ (responds to stretch)

50
Q

Group II
A beta
Rapidly adapting

A

Pacinian corpuscle: vibration

51
Q

Group III
A delta
rapidly adapting

A

Receptor for touch, pressure, fast pain

52
Q

Group IV
C
slowly adapting

ex?

A

Free nerve endings: pain, temperature

53
Q

Location: joint
Type I
sens to stretch
slowly adapting

A

Ruffini endings

54
Q

Location: joint and skin
Type II
sens to vibration
rapid adapting

A

Pacinian corpuscle

55
Q

Location: joint
Type III
sens to stretch
slowly adapting

A

Golgi tendon organs

56
Q

Location: joint and skin
Type IV
sens to stretch and pain
rapid adapt

A

Free nerve endings

57
Q

Location: skin
sens to texture
rapid adapt

A

Meissner

58
Q

Location: skin
sens to pressure
slow adapt

A

Merkel

59
Q

Location: muscle
sens to stretch
slow adapt

A

Muscle spindle

60
Q

Mechanoreceptors, vibration, fine touch
-> Nuclei gracilis and cuneatus
Dec: medulla
3rd: VPL nucleus of thalamus

A

Dorsal Column

61
Q

1st: Nociceptors, thermoreceptors, crude touch and pressure receptors
2nd: Lamina I and II in the dorsal horn of the grey matter

Dec: spinal cord

3rd: VPL nucleus of the thalamus

A

Spinothalamic (anterolateral system)

62
Q

1st: unconscious proprioception from the lower limb
2nd: Clarke’s nucleus (dorsal nucleus) found in Lamina VII in the thoracic region

Dec: does not cross

3rd: cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peducle

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar

63
Q

1st: unconscous propioception from both lower and upper limb
2nd: Lamina VII

Dec: Twice - first at the spinal cord and again in the pons- ipsilateral

3rd: cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Ventral spinocerebellar

64
Q

Descending tract:

voluntary control of the muscles of the limbs

A

lateral corticospinal

65
Q

Descending tract:

voluntary control of the muscles of the head, neck, and trunk

A

ventral corticospinal

66
Q

Descending tract:

excites proximal flexors (biceps), inhibits extensors of the upper limb

A

rubrospinal

67
Q

Descending tract:

restricts voluntary movement through the gamma motor neurons

A

reticulospinal

68
Q

Descending tract:

influences head and eye turning movements in response to light

A

tectospinal

69
Q

Descending tract:

involved in postural reflexes - neck muscles , extensors of back and limbs

A

vestibulospinal

70
Q

Descending tract:

inhibits nociception by releasing serotonin and acts on the C fibers

A

raphespinal

71
Q

which law?

the anterior horn of the spinal cord is motor, and the posterior is sensory

A

Bell-Magendie law

72
Q

which law?

bone remodels in response to stress placed on it

A

Wolff’s law

73
Q

which law?

soft tissue remodels itself in response to demands

A

Davis’ law

74
Q

which law?

pressure on the epiphysis retards the rate of growth and decreased pressure increases rate of growth

A

Hueter-Volkmann’s law

75
Q

which law?

the nerve that innervates a muscle that acts on a joint also innervate the joint and an area of the skin near the joint

A

Hilton’s law

76
Q

Nutrient?

glucose transport
Def: impaired glucose tolerance

A

chromium

77
Q

Nutrient?

electron transport chain
Def: muscle weakness and microcytic anemia

A

copper

78
Q

Nutrient?

DNA and RNA synthesis
Def: neural tube defects, microcytic normochromic anemia

A

folic acid

79
Q

Nutrient?

thyroid hormone synthesis
Def: cretinism in children, goiter and myxedema in adults

A

iodine

80
Q

Nutrient?

formation of hemoglobin
electron transport chain
Def: pale mucosa, koilonychia, microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

iron

Part 2 (6 decks)

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