General Diagnosis Flashcards by Jonathan Rodriguez

normal temp range

98.4- 99.5

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normal pulse range

60-100

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causes of tachycardia

drug reaction
fever
panic disorder
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hyperthyroidism

severe anemia

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causes of bradycardia

hypothyroidism
athletes heart
raised intracranial pressure

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normal res range

14-20

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causes of tachypnea

asthma
lung infection
diabetic ketoacidosis
congestive heart failure
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emphysema
sarcoidosis
panic disorder

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causes of bradypnea

drug reaction

brain stem compression

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normal BP range

130-80/ 90-60

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normal pulse pressure

30-40 mm Hg

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name the 7 causes of elevated BP

white coat hypertension
hypertension
Cushings syndrome
Conns syndrome
unilateral renal artery stenosis
hyperthyroidism
pheochromocytoma

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name the 4 causes of low BP

maybe normal
shock
depression
Addison’s disease

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18.5-24.9 BMI

normal

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30-34.9 BMI

Class I obesity

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AC/BC both decreased in one ear

nerve conduction deafness

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BC > AC with Rinne test

Serous Otitis Media

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bilateral dilated pupils

cocaine, barbiturate, or amphetamine abuse

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bilateral pinpoint pupils

heroin abuse

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bilateral swollen optic discs (papilledema)

raised intracranial pressure; brain tumor

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blue sclera in infant w/ many fractures

osteogenesis imperfecta

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blurred margins of the macula or pigmentation

macular degeneration

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copper or silver wiring of retinal arterioles

hypertensive retinopathy

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cupped optic disc

chronic glaucoma

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enlarged tongue (macroglossia)

hypothyroidism in infants

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exophthalmos

hyperthyroidism or orbital tumor

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flame hemmorhages and dots (micro-aneurysms)

diabetic retinopathy

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foul purulent unilateral nasal discharge

sinusis or foreign body in nose

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goiter with brittle dry coarse hair

Myxedema

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goiter with exophthalmos or tachycardia

Grave’s disease

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gray ring around the cornea (arcus senilis)

Hyperlipidemia

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Hears better with one ear with Weber test

problem w/ one of the ears

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large head in child w/ open fontanelles

hydrocephalus

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lid lag

hyperthyroidism

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loss of red light pupil reflex

cataract or neuroblastoma

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loss of outer third of eyebrow

hypothyroidism or leprosy

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midline neck mass that moves with tongue

torus palatinus

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mucopurulent dischage from ear

otitis media

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pale conjuctiva

anemia

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periorbital edema

cellulitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis

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painful boil on margin of eyelid

external stye (hordeolum)

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painful red eye w/ purulent discharge

conjuctivitis

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painful eye with circumcorneal redness

iritis

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painful red eye with tense eyeball

acute glaucoma

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painless boil on the inside of an eyelid

internal stye (chalazion)

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pain on pulling the ear up and backwards

otitis externa

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pale swollen bluish nasal mucosae

chronic allergies

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ptosis: bilateral

myasthenia gravis, Lambert Eaton syndrome

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ptosis: unilateral

Horners syndrome

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puffy eyelids especially in the mornings

renal dysfunction

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pupil accomodates but does not react to light

Argll Robertson pupil (tertiary syphilis)

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pupil is dilated and reacts poorly to light

Adie’s pupil

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pupil is small and constricted (miosis)

Horner’s syndrome

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red buldging tempanic membrane

otitis media

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retracted tympanic membrane

eustacian tube blockage

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scales on eyebrows

seborrheic dermatitis

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swollen itching eyelids

blepharitis

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tophus on helix of ear

chronic gout

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beef red tongue

b12 def

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magenta tongue

riboflavin def

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pale tongue

iron def

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triangular fleshy growth on medial side of sclera

pterygium

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turned in or out lower eye lids

entropion or ectropion

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unilateral swollen tonsil w/ severe sore throat

peritonsillar abscess

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yellow thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva

pinguecula

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vertigo with hearing loss and tinnitus

Meniere’s disease

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xerophthalmia

vit A def

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yellow sclera

jaundice (icterus) or cartotenemia

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yellow plaque on upper medial eyelid

xanthelasma (hyperlipidemia)

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sudden increase in intro ocular pressure with narrow angle btwn iris and cornea which obstructs aqueous humor into canal of Schlemm
painful red and and hard ball, vision hazy in beg

acute glaucoma

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one pupil is dilated and reacts poorly to light
benign condition in young women
neuro referal

Adie’s pupil aka tonic or bored housewife pupil

seen in tertiary syph, MS, SLE, and diabetes mellitus

- one pupil is small, reacts poorly to light but well to accomodation, VDRL positive

Argyll Rob pupil

inflamm of eyelids
mayb due 2 staph infections, allergy, or seborrhea
swollen itchy tender eyelids

Blepharitis

clot formation in cavernous sinus in brain following spread of infection from face
swollen eyelids (periorbital edema) and diplopia due to dmg from CN III, IV, or VI which passes thru cavernous sinus

Cavernous sinus thrombis

a benighn granulomatous lesion in the tarsal (meibomian)gland of the eyelid

painless inside eyelid

Chalazion

gradual increase in intra ocular pressure due to excessive aqueous humor or obstruction to the canal of Schlemm

chronic glaucoma

infection of conjunctiva

itching , pain, tearing, and red eye with discharge

conjustivitis

old age

external sagging of lower eyelid

ectropion

infected hair follicle of eyelash

red painful swelling on margin of eyelid

hordeolum

damage to sympathetic chain or ganglia in neck
unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis
may b ass w/ pancoast tumor, carotid artery dissection or brain stem ischemia

Horner’s syndrome

inflammation of iris
may b ass w/ SLE, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease or sarcoidosis
painful gritty feeling w/ redness mainly around iris

Iritis

syndrome of recurring attacks of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
patient bcomes progress deaf

Meniere’s disease

autoimmune disorder by antibodies to acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction
seen w/ females w/ thymic disorder
Tensilon (edrophonium) test will b positive

myasthenia gravis

inflammation of the middle ear
common in children cause of straight E tube
Weber’s test will lateralize to the affected side and Rinne test might show bone conduction greater than air conduction affected ear

otitis media

yellow triangular thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva of the inner and outer margins of the cornea with the apex pointing towards the pupil

pinguecula

Finding:

absent breath sounds

pleural effusion

pneumothorax

Finding:

absence of nail bed angle or Schamroth space

clubbing

Finding:

Biot’s respiration (irregularly irregular rhythm)

damage to the medulla - CVA, trauma or tumor

Finding:

bronchophony (loud breath sounds)

pneumonia

compression atelectasis

Finding:

cheyne-stroke breathing (regularly irregular)

CHF or raised intracranial pressure

Finding:

clubbing of fingers

TB
lung abscess
bronchiectasis
lung cancer

Finding:
cyanosis: central (blue lips, fingers, and toes)

severe respiratory distress

Fallot’s tetralogy

Finding:
cyanosis: peripheral (blue fingers and toes)

cold temp

Raynauds

Finding:

decreased tactile fremitus

COPD
pleural effusion
asthma

Finding:

egophony (E sounds like A)

pneumonia

compression atelectasis

Finding:

flared nasal alae

respiratory distress

Finding:

gibbus (localized angular kyphosis)

Pott’s disease of the spine- tuberculosis

Finding:

halitosis

bronchiectasis

lung abscess

Finding:

horizontal sloping ribs

emphysema

Finding:

hyper-resonant percussion

pneumothorax
emphysema
asthma

Finding:

increased tactile fremitus

pneumonia

tuberculosis

Finding:

intercostal space buldging

pleural effusion

emphysema

Finding:

intercostal space retraction

severe asthma

upper airway obstruction

Finding:

Kussmaul’s breathing (deep rapid)

diabetic ketoacidosis

Finding:

local lag

obesity

pleural effusion

Finding:

Musty (ammonia) breath (fetor hepaticus)

liver failure

Finding: 
pectus carinatum (pigeon sternum)

rickets or congenital abnormality

Finding: 
pectus excavatum (funnel chest)

rickets or congenital abnormality

Finding:

pitted nails

psoriasis

Finding:

pleuritic friction rub

fpeurisy

Finding:

precordial friction rub

pericarditis

Finding:

pursed-lip breathing

emphysema

Finding: 
rachitic rosary (swollen costocondral joints)

rickets

Finding:

red currant jelly sputum

klebsiella (friendlander’s ) pneumonia

Finding:

rust-colored sputum

pneumococcal pneumonia

Finding:

stony dull percussion note

pleural effusion

Finding:

sweating with chest pain

MI
PE
or dissecting thoracic aorta

Finding:

tender swollen costocondral joint

tietze syndrome

Finding: 
tracheal tug (downward pull of trachea)

aneurysm of the arch of aorta

Finding:

wheeze (musical breath sound)

asthma
bronchiectasis
COPD

Finding: 
whispered pectoriloquy (whispered 99 sound)

pneumonia

compression atelectasis

tear in the tunica intima
associated w/ Marfan’s, hypertension
severre tearing chest pain

dissecting thoracic aorta

irreversible airway disease caused by smoking and poolutants of the walls of the alveoli causing overinflation of the lungs - pink puffers
dyspnea, barrel-shaped chest with horizontal sloping ribs and pursed-lip breathing
flattened diaphragm ,

emphysema

most common cyanotic congentital disease
pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect
boot shaped heart

Fallots tetralogy

presents w/ jaundice, fetor hepaticus (musty ammonia breath), ascites, and gynecomastia
elevated bilirubin, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase

liver failure

inflammation of lung parenchyma due to infection or chemicals
chills, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, productive cough, increased tactile fremitus, dull percussion and crackles

pneumonia

breakaway clot from a deep vein thrombus causing obstruction to the pulmonary artery
d-dimer test is positive

pulmonary embolism

vasospastic disorder of small arteries associated w/ connective tissue disorders like SLE and scleroderma

raynauds phenomenon

chronic multi system disease , characterized by non-caseous granulomas
fatigue, dyspnea, and erthema nodsum
chest x ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis

sarcoidosis

inflammation of the 2nd-5th costochondral joint

Tietze syndrome

characterized by Ghon focus and complex with caseous necrosis and granulomas
cough, night sweats, hemoptysis, weight loss
xray shows apical consolidation and caviaations

Finding:

absence of Schamroth’s space or nail bed angle

clubbing of the fingers

Finding:

Beau’s lines (transverse grooves in nails)

recent serious disease

Finding: 
carotid bruit (whooshing sound)

sig narrowed artery

Finding:

clubbing of fingers

bacterial endocarditis and Fallot’s tetralogy

Finding:

diagonal earlobe creases

increased risk of heart attack

Finding:

dilated chest and arm veins

superior vena cava obstruction

Finding:

diastolic murmur in 2nd RICS

aortic regurgitation

Finding:

elevated jugular venous pressure

CHF

cardiac temponade

Finding:

diastolic murmur in 5th LICS

mitral stenosis

Finding:

displaced apex beat outside of 5th LICS

left ventricular hypertrophy

distended jugular veins

congestive heart failure

erythema marginatum
cardiac murmur
joint pain

rheumatic fever

hepatojugular reflex

congestive heart failure

koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)

severe iron def anemia

left parasternal heave

right ventricular hypertrophy

loss of hair on the dorsum of the foot and toes

peripheral vascular disease

malar flush ( red flushed cheeks)

mitral stenosis

carcinoid tumors

midstystolic click in 5th LICS

mitral valve prolapse

pale naile beds, mucosa or tongue

anemia

pansystolic murmur in 5th LICS

mitral regurgitation

peripheral edema bilateral

chf, chronic bronchitits, cirrhosis, renal failure

peripheral edema unilateral

deep vein thrombosis, cellulitis

precordial thrill (palpable murmur)

pathological murmur

S3 heart sound

normal in healthy adults

S4 heart sound

hypertension and cardiomyopathy

abdominal bruit in the middle of the epigastrium

abdominal aortic aneurysm

abdominal bruit left of midline epigastrium

unilateral renal artery stenosis

absent bowel sounds (paralytic ileus)

generalized peritonitis

beef red smooth tongue

vit b12 def

bluish discoloration in flanks (Grey Turner sign) or umbillicus (Cullen sign)

pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy

caput medusa (dilated veins radiating from navel)

portal hypertension as in cirrhosis

cessation of inspiration on RUQ pressure (murphys sign)

cholecystitis

dull precussion note in Traube’s space

splenomegaly

Kehr’s sign (left shoulder pain in the acute abdomen)

ruptured ectopic pregnancy or spleen

left ilac fossa tenderness

diverticulitis

ulcerative colitis

Puddle sign

ascites

right iliac fossa tenderness w/ recurrent diarrhea

Crohn’s disease

cheesy white curds in the vagina

candidiasis

frothy malodorous vaginal discharge

strawberry cervix

trichomonas

painful soft yellow genital ulcer

chancroid

painless firm genital ulcer

syphilis

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General Diagnosis Flashcards

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