General Diagnosis Flashcards
normal temp range
98.4- 99.5
normal pulse range
60-100
causes of tachycardia
drug reaction fever panic disorder \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
hyperthyroidism
severe anemia
causes of bradycardia
hypothyroidism
athletes heart
raised intracranial pressure
normal res range
14-20
causes of tachypnea
asthma lung infection diabetic ketoacidosis congestive heart failure \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
emphysema
sarcoidosis
panic disorder
causes of bradypnea
drug reaction
brain stem compression
normal BP range
130-80/ 90-60
normal pulse pressure
30-40 mm Hg
name the 7 causes of elevated BP
- white coat hypertension
- hypertension
- Cushings syndrome
- Conns syndrome
- unilateral renal artery stenosis
- hyperthyroidism
- pheochromocytoma
name the 4 causes of low BP
- maybe normal
- shock
- depression
- Addison’s disease
18.5-24.9 BMI
normal
30-34.9 BMI
Class I obesity
AC/BC both decreased in one ear
nerve conduction deafness
BC > AC with Rinne test
Serous Otitis Media
bilateral dilated pupils
cocaine, barbiturate, or amphetamine abuse
bilateral pinpoint pupils
heroin abuse
bilateral swollen optic discs (papilledema)
raised intracranial pressure; brain tumor
blue sclera in infant w/ many fractures
osteogenesis imperfecta
blurred margins of the macula or pigmentation
macular degeneration
copper or silver wiring of retinal arterioles
hypertensive retinopathy
cupped optic disc
chronic glaucoma
enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
hypothyroidism in infants
exophthalmos
hyperthyroidism or orbital tumor
flame hemmorhages and dots (micro-aneurysms)
diabetic retinopathy
foul purulent unilateral nasal discharge
sinusis or foreign body in nose
goiter with brittle dry coarse hair
Myxedema
goiter with exophthalmos or tachycardia
Grave’s disease
gray ring around the cornea (arcus senilis)
Hyperlipidemia
Hears better with one ear with Weber test
problem w/ one of the ears
large head in child w/ open fontanelles
hydrocephalus
lid lag
hyperthyroidism
loss of red light pupil reflex
cataract or neuroblastoma
loss of outer third of eyebrow
hypothyroidism or leprosy
midline neck mass that moves with tongue
torus palatinus
mucopurulent dischage from ear
otitis media
pale conjuctiva
anemia
periorbital edema
cellulitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis
painful boil on margin of eyelid
external stye (hordeolum)
painful red eye w/ purulent discharge
conjuctivitis
painful eye with circumcorneal redness
iritis
painful red eye with tense eyeball
acute glaucoma
painless boil on the inside of an eyelid
internal stye (chalazion)
pain on pulling the ear up and backwards
otitis externa
pale swollen bluish nasal mucosae
chronic allergies
ptosis: bilateral
myasthenia gravis, Lambert Eaton syndrome
ptosis: unilateral
Horners syndrome
puffy eyelids especially in the mornings
renal dysfunction
pupil accomodates but does not react to light
Argll Robertson pupil (tertiary syphilis)
pupil is dilated and reacts poorly to light
Adie’s pupil
pupil is small and constricted (miosis)
Horner’s syndrome
red buldging tempanic membrane
otitis media
retracted tympanic membrane
eustacian tube blockage
scales on eyebrows
seborrheic dermatitis
swollen itching eyelids
blepharitis
tophus on helix of ear
chronic gout
beef red tongue
b12 def
magenta tongue
riboflavin def
pale tongue
iron def
triangular fleshy growth on medial side of sclera
pterygium
turned in or out lower eye lids
entropion or ectropion
unilateral swollen tonsil w/ severe sore throat
peritonsillar abscess
yellow thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva
pinguecula
vertigo with hearing loss and tinnitus
Meniere’s disease
xerophthalmia
vit A def
yellow sclera
jaundice (icterus) or cartotenemia
yellow plaque on upper medial eyelid
xanthelasma (hyperlipidemia)
- sudden increase in intro ocular pressure with narrow angle btwn iris and cornea which obstructs aqueous humor into canal of Schlemm
- painful red and and hard ball, vision hazy in beg
acute glaucoma
- one pupil is dilated and reacts poorly to light
- benign condition in young women
- neuro referal
Adie’s pupil aka tonic or bored housewife pupil
- seen in tertiary syph, MS, SLE, and diabetes mellitus
- one pupil is small, reacts poorly to light but well to accomodation, VDRL positive
Argyll Rob pupil
- inflamm of eyelids
- mayb due 2 staph infections, allergy, or seborrhea
- swollen itchy tender eyelids
Blepharitis
- clot formation in cavernous sinus in brain following spread of infection from face
- swollen eyelids (periorbital edema) and diplopia due to dmg from CN III, IV, or VI which passes thru cavernous sinus
Cavernous sinus thrombis
a benighn granulomatous lesion in the tarsal (meibomian)gland of the eyelid
painless inside eyelid
Chalazion
gradual increase in intra ocular pressure due to excessive aqueous humor or obstruction to the canal of Schlemm
chronic glaucoma
infection of conjunctiva
itching , pain, tearing, and red eye with discharge
conjustivitis
old age
external sagging of lower eyelid
ectropion
infected hair follicle of eyelash
red painful swelling on margin of eyelid
hordeolum
damage to sympathetic chain or ganglia in neck
unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis
may b ass w/ pancoast tumor, carotid artery dissection or brain stem ischemia
Horner’s syndrome
inflammation of iris
may b ass w/ SLE, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease or sarcoidosis
painful gritty feeling w/ redness mainly around iris
Iritis
syndrome of recurring attacks of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
patient bcomes progress deaf
Meniere’s disease
autoimmune disorder by antibodies to acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction
seen w/ females w/ thymic disorder
Tensilon (edrophonium) test will b positive
myasthenia gravis
inflammation of the middle ear
common in children cause of straight E tube
Weber’s test will lateralize to the affected side and Rinne test might show bone conduction greater than air conduction affected ear
otitis media
yellow triangular thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva of the inner and outer margins of the cornea with the apex pointing towards the pupil
pinguecula
Finding:
absent breath sounds
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
Finding:
absence of nail bed angle or Schamroth space
clubbing
Finding:
Biot’s respiration (irregularly irregular rhythm)
damage to the medulla - CVA, trauma or tumor
Finding:
bronchophony (loud breath sounds)
pneumonia
compression atelectasis
Finding:
cheyne-stroke breathing (regularly irregular)
CHF or raised intracranial pressure
Finding:
clubbing of fingers
TB
lung abscess
bronchiectasis
lung cancer
Finding:
cyanosis: central (blue lips, fingers, and toes)
severe respiratory distress
Fallot’s tetralogy
Finding:
cyanosis: peripheral (blue fingers and toes)
cold temp
Raynauds
Finding:
decreased tactile fremitus
COPD
pleural effusion
asthma
Finding:
egophony (E sounds like A)
pneumonia
compression atelectasis
Finding:
flared nasal alae
respiratory distress
Finding:
gibbus (localized angular kyphosis)
Pott’s disease of the spine- tuberculosis
Finding:
halitosis
bronchiectasis
lung abscess
Finding:
horizontal sloping ribs
emphysema
Finding:
hyper-resonant percussion
pneumothorax
emphysema
asthma
Finding:
increased tactile fremitus
pneumonia
tuberculosis
Finding:
intercostal space buldging
pleural effusion
emphysema
Finding:
intercostal space retraction
severe asthma
upper airway obstruction
Finding:
Kussmaul’s breathing (deep rapid)
diabetic ketoacidosis
Finding:
local lag
obesity
pleural effusion
Finding:
Musty (ammonia) breath (fetor hepaticus)
liver failure
Finding: pectus carinatum (pigeon sternum)
rickets or congenital abnormality
Finding: pectus excavatum (funnel chest)
rickets or congenital abnormality
Finding:
pitted nails
psoriasis
Finding:
pleuritic friction rub
fpeurisy
Finding:
precordial friction rub
pericarditis
Finding:
pursed-lip breathing
emphysema
Finding: rachitic rosary (swollen costocondral joints)
rickets
Finding:
red currant jelly sputum
klebsiella (friendlander’s ) pneumonia
Finding:
rust-colored sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
Finding:
stony dull percussion note
pleural effusion
Finding:
sweating with chest pain
MI
PE
or dissecting thoracic aorta
Finding:
tender swollen costocondral joint
tietze syndrome
Finding: tracheal tug (downward pull of trachea)
aneurysm of the arch of aorta
Finding:
wheeze (musical breath sound)
asthma
bronchiectasis
COPD
Finding: whispered pectoriloquy (whispered 99 sound)
pneumonia
compression atelectasis
tear in the tunica intima
associated w/ Marfan’s, hypertension
severre tearing chest pain
dissecting thoracic aorta
irreversible airway disease caused by smoking and poolutants of the walls of the alveoli causing overinflation of the lungs - pink puffers
dyspnea, barrel-shaped chest with horizontal sloping ribs and pursed-lip breathing
flattened diaphragm ,
emphysema
most common cyanotic congentital disease
pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect
boot shaped heart
Fallots tetralogy
presents w/ jaundice, fetor hepaticus (musty ammonia breath), ascites, and gynecomastia
elevated bilirubin, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase
liver failure
inflammation of lung parenchyma due to infection or chemicals
chills, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, productive cough, increased tactile fremitus, dull percussion and crackles
pneumonia
breakaway clot from a deep vein thrombus causing obstruction to the pulmonary artery
d-dimer test is positive
pulmonary embolism
vasospastic disorder of small arteries associated w/ connective tissue disorders like SLE and scleroderma
raynauds phenomenon
chronic multi system disease , characterized by non-caseous granulomas
fatigue, dyspnea, and erthema nodsum
chest x ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
inflammation of the 2nd-5th costochondral joint
Tietze syndrome
characterized by Ghon focus and complex with caseous necrosis and granulomas
cough, night sweats, hemoptysis, weight loss
xray shows apical consolidation and caviaations
TB
Finding:
absence of Schamroth’s space or nail bed angle
clubbing of the fingers
Finding:
Beau’s lines (transverse grooves in nails)
recent serious disease
Finding: carotid bruit (whooshing sound)
sig narrowed artery
Finding:
clubbing of fingers
bacterial endocarditis and Fallot’s tetralogy
Finding:
diagonal earlobe creases
increased risk of heart attack
Finding:
dilated chest and arm veins
superior vena cava obstruction
Finding:
diastolic murmur in 2nd RICS
aortic regurgitation
Finding:
elevated jugular venous pressure
CHF
cardiac temponade
Finding:
diastolic murmur in 5th LICS
mitral stenosis
Finding:
displaced apex beat outside of 5th LICS
left ventricular hypertrophy
distended jugular veins
congestive heart failure
erythema marginatum
cardiac murmur
joint pain
rheumatic fever
hepatojugular reflex
congestive heart failure
koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
severe iron def anemia
left parasternal heave
right ventricular hypertrophy
loss of hair on the dorsum of the foot and toes
peripheral vascular disease
malar flush ( red flushed cheeks)
mitral stenosis
carcinoid tumors
midstystolic click in 5th LICS
mitral valve prolapse
pale naile beds, mucosa or tongue
anemia
pansystolic murmur in 5th LICS
mitral regurgitation
peripheral edema bilateral
chf, chronic bronchitits, cirrhosis, renal failure
peripheral edema unilateral
deep vein thrombosis, cellulitis
precordial thrill (palpable murmur)
pathological murmur
S3 heart sound
normal in healthy adults
S4 heart sound
hypertension and cardiomyopathy
abdominal bruit in the middle of the epigastrium
abdominal aortic aneurysm
abdominal bruit left of midline epigastrium
unilateral renal artery stenosis
absent bowel sounds (paralytic ileus)
generalized peritonitis
beef red smooth tongue
vit b12 def
bluish discoloration in flanks (Grey Turner sign) or umbillicus (Cullen sign)
pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy
caput medusa (dilated veins radiating from navel)
portal hypertension as in cirrhosis
cessation of inspiration on RUQ pressure (murphys sign)
cholecystitis
dull precussion note in Traube’s space
splenomegaly
Kehr’s sign (left shoulder pain in the acute abdomen)
ruptured ectopic pregnancy or spleen
left ilac fossa tenderness
diverticulitis
ulcerative colitis
Puddle sign
ascites
right iliac fossa tenderness w/ recurrent diarrhea
Crohn’s disease
cheesy white curds in the vagina
candidiasis
frothy malodorous vaginal discharge
strawberry cervix
trichomonas
painful soft yellow genital ulcer
chancroid
painless firm genital ulcer
syphilis
