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AP U.S. History > Princeton: 20th Century > Flashcards

Princeton: 20th Century Flashcards

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0
Q

Axis Alliance

A

An alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II

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1
Q

Atomic Bomb

A

Bomb that was created to show superiority by Americans to the Russians during World War II

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2
Q

Civil Rights Movement

A

Movement that strong pushed for African-American civil rights during the 1960s

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3
Q

Court Packing

A

FDRs idea to replace justices in the Supreme Court with those that favored the new deal projects

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4
Q

Domino Theory

A

Idea that if one country falls to communism that all surrounding countries will soon fall to communism also (Vietnam War)

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5
Q

Fourteen Points

A

Wilson’s plan for the post world war one era (Disarmaments, league of Nations to be created, but it was not supported by Congress)

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6
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

Carnegie’s idea that the poor should not be freely given money but rather that they be given jobs instead even if they are low-paying jobs

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7
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

Improvements in black culture that focused mainly in the city of Harlem (literature, art, music)

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8
Q

Interstate Highway System

A

Eisenhowers system that created all interstate highways within the United States (Meant as evacuation routes in case of Soviet threat; People would rebuild along the interstate if the United States were bombed)

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9
Q

Iron Curtain

A

The division of Europe into two separate areas at the end of World War II with Western Europe focusing mainly on democracy and Eastern Europe focusing mainly on communism

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10
Q

Loyalty Boards

A

Designed to root out Communist influence in the United States federal government

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11
Q

Manhattan Project

A

Research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II

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12
Q

Military-Industrial Complex

A

A concept commonly used to refer to policy and monetary relationships between legislators, national Armed Forces, and the military industrial base that supports them (Eisenhowers warning in his farewell address)

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13
Q

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

A

Concept that if one country attacks another country with the same nuclear power then they will both wipe each other out with that nuclear force

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14
Q

New Deal

A

Programs in response to the great depression, and focused on the 3Rs : relief, recovery, and reform (Recovery of the economy to normal levels; Relief for the unemployed; and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression)

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15
Q

New Freedom

A

Reforms promoted by Wilson that includes tariff reform, business reform, and banking reform

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16
Q

New Nationalism

A

Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election

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17
Q

Nixon’s “Enemies List”

A

A list of Richard Nixon’s major political opponents compiled by Charles Colson

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18
Q

“Peace Without Victory”

A

Wilson’s speech that proposed peace terms for ending the war (Led to his 14 points)

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19
Q

“Problem That Has No Name”

A

Another name for the feminine mystique (Book that called for women to leave the cult of domesticity)

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20
Q

Prohibition

A

Alcohol became illegal by the 18th amendment (Later repealed by the 21st amendment)

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21
Q

Proxy Wars

A

A war that results when opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly (Cold War)

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22
Q

Radio

A

Invention that allowed Americans to hear speeches from anywhere in the country (Mostly their homes)

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23
Q

Reaganomics

A

Refers to the economic policies promoted by Ronald Reagan during the 1980s (Supply-side economics or trickle-down economics)

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24
Q

Satellites

A

An object which is in placed into orbit by human endeavor (Russia launched the first satellite Sputnik I)

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25
Q

Self-determination

A

Countries have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external influence

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26
Q

Sit-ins

A

Protests by African-Americans in which they sat in local cafés and demanded service

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27
Q

Submarine Warfare

A

The use of submarines in war (German tactic during World War II)

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28
Q

Supply-side Economics

A

Argues that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering barriers for people to produce goods and services, such as lowering income tax and capital gains tax rates, and by allowing greater flexibility by reducing regulation

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29
Q

Trickle-down Theory

A

Idea that tax breaks or other economic benefits provided by government to businesses and the wealthy will benefit poorer members of society by improving the economy as a whole

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30
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Pact between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary during World War I

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31
Q

Triple Entente

A

Alliance between France, Britain, and Russia during World War I

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32
Q

U-Boats

A

German submarines that were used in World War I and II

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33
Q

Urban Riots

A

Analysis of urban riots in terms of urban conditions influence the emerging field of urban economics in the 1960s (Riots that occur in the suburbs and the urban area)

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34
Q

Vietnamization

A

Nixon’s policy of letting South Vietnam handle their own war with only economic aid from America

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35
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico, that was intercepted by the United States, that stated that Mexico should attack the United States to prevent it from entering World War I

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36
Q

Army-McCarthy Hearings

A

Hearings held for the purpose of investigating conflicting accusations between United States Army and Sen. Joseph McCarthy (McCarthy accuse the army of being communist)

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37
Q

Berlin Blockade and Airlift

A

The Soviet Union blocked off help from West Germany into Berlin; furthermore, the Soviet unions plan was to force Western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food and fuel, thereby giving the Soviets control

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38
Q

Bonus Expeditionary Force

A

World War I veteran gathering in DC in 1932 to demand early cash payment redemption of their service certificates

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39
Q

Court Packing

A

Roosevelt plans to remove Supreme Court justices and replace them with justices that supported new deal programs

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40
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

13 day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side, and the United States on the other (Closest period during the Cold War where there was almost a nuclear conflict between the Soviet Union and United States)

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41
Q

D-Day

A

The day the Germany surrendered during World War II

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42
Q

Democratic National Convention, Chicago

A

Announcement that Lyndon B. Johnson would not seek reelection (Purpose was just like the new presidential nominee to run as the Democratic party’s candidate for office)

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43
Q

Fall of Saigon

A

The capture of Saigon, the capital South Vietnam, by North Vietnam (Marked the end of the Vietnam war)

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44
Q

Geneva Conference (1954)

A

Purpose was to attempt to find a way to unify Vietnam and discuss the possibility of restoring peace in Indochina

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45
Q

Great Migration

A

Movement of blacks to northern cities to escape the racist south after World War I

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46
Q

Iran Hostage Crisis

A

52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days after group of the Islamist students in militants supporting the Iranian revolution, took over the American Embassy in Tehran

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47
Q

Iran-Contra Affair

A

Political scandal during the Reagan Administration, senior administration officials facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo

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48
Q

Japanese American Internment

A

Interment of Japanese-Americans on the coast of California in response to the attack on Pearl Harbor (Government was afraid of Japanese-American spies)

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49
Q

The Jazz Singer

A

The first talkie

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50
Q

Korean War

A

War between North and South Korea and was the result of the political division of Korea by agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific war at the end of World War II (Divided along the 38th parallel and eventually a demilitarized zone was created)

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51
Q

Lusitania

A

British oceanliner that was shot down by German U-boats during World War I (Suspected of containing armaments for Britain and it also had American merchants aboard)

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52
Q

March on Washington

A

Designed to pressure the United States government desegregating the Armed Forces and providing fair working opportunities for African Americans

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53
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

Social and political protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama

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54
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

The Vietnam War mass murder of between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam by the United States Army (Global outrage ensued when it became public knowledge in 1969)

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55
Q

Nixon Resigns

A

Resignation due to the Watergate scandal

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56
Q

Operation Desert Storm

A

Operation meant to prevent Saddam Hussein from having control over Saudi Arabian oil fields

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57
Q

Paris Peace Talks

A

Beginning of negotiations between North Vietnam and the United States on ending the Vietnam War (Or at least the United States leaving South Vietnam)

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58
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

History of United States’ political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967 (Released to the public in 1971)

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59
Q

Persian Gulf War

A

War waged by a United Nations-authorize coalition force and 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait

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60
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

War between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea

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61
Q

Saturday Night Massacre

A

Richard Nixon’s dismissal of special prosecutor Archibald Cox and the resignations of Elliot Richardson and William Ruckelshaus during the Watergate scandal

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62
Q

Scopes Monkey Trial

A

Trial over whether or not the teaching of evolution should be allowed in public schools

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63
Q

Six Day War

A

War between Israel and the neighboring states Egypt with Israel winning the land war and taking control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, south Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights

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64
Q

Sputnik

A

First satellite launch by the Russians

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65
Q

Stock Market Crash

A

Crash of the stock market in October 1929 that marked the beginning of the Great Depression

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66
Q

Stonewall Riots

A

Riots that kicked off the first gay and lesbian rights movements

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67
Q

Tet Offensive

A

Attack by North Vietnam on the cities of South Vietnam and led to the eventual leave of the United States from South Vietnam

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68
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

A

Fire that led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the international ladies garment workers union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers

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69
Q

Watts Riots

A

Riot against black settling in certain neighborhoods in California (California did not have Jim Crow laws but they had a law to keep Hispanics and Africans from living in specific neighborhoods)

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70
Q

World War I

A

War that was started by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria with the United States not entering the war until 1917

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71
Q

World War II

A

War between Allied and the Axis powers due to the rapid expansion of Germany (Invasion of Poland and the Holocaust)

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72
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Leader of Nazi Germany during World War II

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73
Q

Al Gore

A

Ran against Bush in the 2000 election

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74
Q

Alger Hiss

A

Involved in the establishment of the United Nations as the United States State Department and United Nations official and he was accused of being Soviets in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950

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75
Q

Alliance For Progress

A

Aimed to establish economic cooperation between United States and Latin America

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76
Q

Archduke Ferdinand

A

Leader of Austria prior to the first world war (His death was the cause of the first world war)

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77
Q

Ashcan School

A

In artistic movement in United States during the early 20th century is best known for works portraying scenes of daily life in New York, often in the poorer neighborhoods

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78
Q

Barack Obama

A

One 2008 election and became the 44th President of the United States (First African American President)

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79
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Dictator of Italy during the second world war

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80
Q

Betty Friedan

A

Promoted women to leave the cult of domesticity

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81
Q

Bill Clinton

A

President that believed in social equality (Second president to be impeached because of the Lewinsky scandal)

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82
Q

Black Panthers

A

Radical African American activists in the movement for civil rights (Openly carried guns, attacked police, and threatened the white man’s democracy)

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83
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Political party in Soviet Russia (Followed Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin)

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84
Q

Bull Moose Party

A

Another name for the progressivist party

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85
Q

Calvin Coolidge

A

Restored public confidence in the White House after scandals of his predeccesors

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86
Q

Charles Lindbergh

A

First man to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean in one trip

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87
Q

Chicago Seven

A

Seven defendants charged with conspiracy, inciting riots, and other charges related to protests that took place in Chicago, Illinois

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88
Q

Committee To Re-Elect The Pressident (CREEP)

A

Fundraising organization of Richard Nixon’s administration (Also employed money-laundering and slush funds and was directly and actively involved in the Watergate scandal)

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89
Q

Congress Of Industrial Organizations

A

Federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada (Merged with the AF of L in 1955)

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90
Q

Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE)

A

Played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the civil rights movement

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91
Q

Dixiecrats

A

Party that believed in Jim Crow laws and white supremacy (Segregationalists)

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92
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

Launched the interstate highway system, the defensed advanced research projects agency, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Also worked with the Little Rock, Arkansas issue)

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93
Q

Earl Warren

A

Helped end school segregation (Warren Court)

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94
Q

Ernest Hemingway

A

Used economical and an understated style of the strongest influence on 20th-century fiction

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95
Q

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

A

Charged as spies for the Soviet Union and passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union

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96
Q

Eugene McCarthy

A

Ran on an anti-Vietnam war platform in the 1968 Presidential election against Lyndon B. Johnson

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97
Q

F. Scott Fitzgerald

A

Author of novels within the Jazz age, a term he created himself (Themes of youth and promise along with despair and age)

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98
Q

Fidel Castro

A

Dictator of Cuba

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99
Q

Flappers

A

Lowered the standard morals for women (Short skirts, makeup, drinking, casual sex, smoking, driving, and other social/sexual norms)

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100
Q

Franklin Delanor Roosevelt

A

Created many new deal programs and possibly helped the United States leave Great Depression (Opinionated Views)

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101
Q

Free Speech Movement, Berkeley

A

Protests that demanded that the university acknowledge the students right to free speech and academic freedom

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102
Q

General Douglas MacArthur

A

Led the UN command in the Korean War until he was removed by Pres. Harry Truman in 1951 due to failure to acknowledge orders

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103
Q

George H.W. Bush

A

Led the Persian Gulf War (Soviet Union and the Berlin Wall fell during his presidency)

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104
Q

George W. Bush

A

Won the 2000 Election due to the recount of votes in Florida by the Supreme Court

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105
Q

Gerald Ford

A

Pardoned Richard Nixon and signed the Helsinki Accords

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106
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

Involved in the bombing of Japan, containing communism, and the Korean War (Truman Doctrine)

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107
Q

Henry Cabot Lodge

A

Opposed Wilson’s 14 points (Stalemate caused America not to join)

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108
Q

Henry Ford

A

Developer of the assembly line technique of mass production and founder the Ford Motor Company

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109
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

Pioneered the policy of detente with the Soviet Union, opened relations with China, and negotiated the Paris peace accords that ended the American involvement in the Vietnam War

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110
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

Laid the groundwork for FDR’s new deal programs

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111
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

Leader of Japan during World War II

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112
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Communist leader of North Vietnam

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113
Q

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A

Investigated alleged disloyalty among private citizens, public employees, and organizations suspected of having Communistic ties

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114
Q

International Workers of the World

A

Promoted that all workers should be united as a social class and that capitalism and wage labor be abolished

115
Q

Jacob Riis

A

Investigated the slums and living conditions of those in the cities (How The Other Half Lives)

116
Q

James Meredith

A

The first African-American student admitted to the University of Mississippi

117
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

Pursued the Camp David Accords and SALT II

118
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

Promoted the New Frontier idea during the Cold War (assassinated)

119
Q

Joseph McCarthy

A

Accused many social and political figures of being communist (Went too far when he accused the U.S. Army of communism)

120
Q

Little Rock Nine

A

Admitted into a segregated school with the help of Federal Troops (Eisenhower Administration)

121
Q

Lyndon Johnson

A

Oversaw the air raids and bombing of Vietnam (Public outrage occured and he did not run for a second term)

122
Q

Malcolm X

A

Taught black supremacy and advocated black and white segregation

123
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

Promoted Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism (Back-To-Africa Movement)

124
Q

Margaret Sanger

A

Birth control activist that promoted the pill

125
Q

Martin Luther King Jr.

A

Promoted a Dream of a desegregated society during the Civil Rights Movement (assassinated)

126
Q

Monica Lewinsky

A

Woman whom Bill Clinton admitted to having sexual relations with while she was in the White House

127
Q

Muckrakers

A

A writer who invetigates and publishes truthful reports to perform an auditing function (Advocates reform and change)

128
Q

NAACP

A

Focus was to ensure rights for all and to prevent racism and segregation

129
Q

NASA

A

Space program that races against the Soviet Union (Put the first man on the moon)

130
Q

National Municipal League

A

Advocated openness in local government

131
Q

National Organization For Women (NOW)

A

Set up for the public advancement of women (feminist movement)

132
Q

New Left

A

Term used for those who promoted a broad range of reforms (Hippie and College Protest Movements)

133
Q

New Right

A

Conservatist movement in the United States

134
Q

Nikita Khruschev

A

Leader of the Soviet Union in the initial Cold War (Cuban Missile Crisis)

135
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

Collective defense against an attack by an external party

136
Q

Organization of American States

A

Mutual defense treaty among the North and South American countries

137
Q

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A

Oil cartel whose mission is to coordinate the policies of oil-producing countries (embargo against America in response in the Yom Kippur War)

138
Q

Progressive Party

A

Led by President Theodore Roosevelt after he split from the Republican Party (Promoted a wide range of Economic reforms)

139
Q

Richard Nixon

A

Handled the end of the Vietnam War (Resigned after the Watergate Scandal)

140
Q

Robert Kennedy

A

Promoted civil-rights (assassinated for support of Israel)

141
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

Promoted his concept of Reaganomics (supply-side economics) during his presidency

142
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti

A

Two Italian immigrants that were executed for an armed robbery charge on a shoe factory

143
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

President of Iraq during Desert Storm

144
Q

Sandra Day O’Connor

A

Appointed by Reagan as a Supreme Court justice

145
Q

Sinclair Lewis

A

Known for insightful critical views of American Society and capitalist views in his writings

146
Q

Slobodan Milosevic

A

Yugoslavian President

147
Q

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

A

Collective defense among the southeastern countries of asia

148
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

A

Civil rights organization led by Martin Luther King Jr.

149
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

A

Promoted civil rights among college students

150
Q

Students For A Democratic Society

A

Promoted an end to the Vietnam War (Later turned into a domestic terrorist group named the Watchmen)

151
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Promoted many economic reforms and restricted the growth of trusts (Trust-Busting)

152
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

First African-American Supreme Court Justice (Lawyer in Brown v. Board of Education)

153
Q

United Nations

A

Organization that deals with worldly affairs and keeping peace and international law

154
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Promoted reform of the meat-packing industries (The Jungle)

155
Q

The Urban League

A

Civil Rights organization that advocates against racial discrimination for African-Americans

156
Q

Warren Burger

A

Ruled on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation in the Supreme Court

157
Q

Warren G. Harding

A

Dealt with striking workers and child welfare programs in his presidency

158
Q

William Howard Taft

A

Believed that trusts should be destroyed rather than regulated

159
Q

William Rehnquist

A

Favored the 10th Amendment and federalism in his Supreme Court rulings

160
Q

Women’s Trade Union League

A

Supported the creation of Women Unions and to elimate sweatshop conditions

161
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

Promoted neutrality until America was forced into the war (Fourteen Points)

162
Q

Wright Brothers

A

With their discovery and model of manned flight the plane industry was used as a postal and commercial service

163
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

Failed American attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro

164
Q

Berlin Wall

A

Division of Communist and Capitalist held Germanys within the capital of Berlin

165
Q

Bosnia

A

Focus of a civil war that broke up Yugoslavia into smaller states

166
Q

Camp David

A

Presidential country retreat (Home of the negotiations between Iran and Carter)

167
Q

Gulf of Tonkin

A

Issue that ended in the issuance of more war-making power to Lyndon B. Johnson

168
Q

Hiroshima

A

The first city in Japan to be bombed

169
Q

Kosovo

A

Apart of Yugoslavia during WWII

170
Q

Kuwait

A

Country that wanted Hussein to take control of the Saudi Arabian Oil Fields

171
Q

Little Rock, Arkansas

A

Nine students successfully entered a segregated school with assistance of the federal government

172
Q

Los Alamos

A

Indian reservation in New Mexico

173
Q

Nagasaki

A

Second city in Japan to be bombed

174
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

Japanese attack on Hawaii and led to the atomic bombing of Japan

175
Q

Persian Gulf

A

Area in which the Persian Gulf War and Operation Desert Storm occured

176
Q

Potsdam

A

Home of the German Kaisers during WWI

177
Q

Three Mile Island

A

Incident off the coast of Pennsylvania that almost had a nuclear meltdown of a factory (Many people began to protest nuclear power afterwards)

178
Q

Tin Pan Alley

A

Collection of punlishers and songwriters during the 19th and 20th centuries

179
Q

Watergate

A

Scandal that led to the Nixon trials

180
Q

Yalta

A

City in Southern Ukraine (Yalta Conference)

181
Q

Abrams v. United States

A

Ruling that the Espionage Act did not violtate the freedom of speech protected in the 1st Amendment

182
Q

Agricultural Adjustment Act

A

Restricted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant and to kill of extra livestock

183
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

Defined the Allies’ goals for the post WWII era

184
Q

16th Amendment

A

Allows the federal government to collect an income tax

185
Q

17th Amendment

A

Establishes the direct election of Senators by popular vote

186
Q

18th Amendment

A

Prohibition of alcohol

187
Q

19th Amendment

A

Women’s Rights

188
Q

21st Amendment

A

Repeals the 18th Amendment

189
Q

Baghdad Pact

A

Least successful Cold War Alliance

190
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

Decided that redistricting (changing the voting district) issues were questionable and enabled federal courts to intervene on such matters

191
Q

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

A

Established that segregation of schools was unconstitutional

192
Q

Camp David Accords

A

Led to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty

193
Q

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

A

Gathers intelligenve and establishes the safety of national concerns

194
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Gave basic rights to all Americans

195
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A

Public work relief program for unemployed and unmarried men (Nature work program)

196
Q

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A

Added teeth to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

197
Q

Containment

A

Policy of containing communism and preventing it from spreading throughout the world

198
Q

Department of Housing and Urban Development

A

Great Society program that executed policies for homes and metropolises

199
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine

A

A country could request American economic or military aid if threatened by armed aggression from another state

200
Q

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

A

Funds primary and secondary education and forbade the establishment of a national curriculum (War on Poverty)

201
Q

Higher Education Act

A

Strengthened educational resources for colleges and universities and to provide financial assisstance for students (Johnson)

202
Q

Emergency Banking Relief Bill

A

Allows only Federal Reserve approved banks to operate in America (Depression)

203
Q

Emergency Quota Act

A

Limited the amount of immigrants that poured into the nation after WWI by placing a quota on countries (Discrimination of South and Eastern Europe)

204
Q

Engel v. Vitale

A

It is uncontitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools

205
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

Protects human health and the environment by enforcing regulations based on Congressional laws

206
Q

Equal Rights Amendment

A

Established rights for all women

207
Q

Escobedo v. Illinois

A

Criminals have a right to counsel during police interrogations (6th Amendment)

208
Q

Espionage Act

A

Prohibits any attempt to interfere with militart operations, support American enemies during war, interfere with recruitment or promote insubordination (WWI)

209
Q

Fair Deal

A

Truman’s administrative policies

210
Q

Fair Labor Standards Act

A

Established a 44-hour work week, overtime payments, and minimum wage (1938)

211
Q

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A

Independent agency working off the Banking Act of 1933

212
Q

Federal Emergency Relief Act

A

Gave loans to states to operate relief programs

213
Q

Federal Highway Act

A

Created the Interstate Highway System (Eisenhower)

214
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A

Set up the Federal Reserve System (Central Banking System)

215
Q

Federal Trade Commission Act

A

Set up the Federal Trade Commission (Wilson against trusts)

216
Q

Fordney McCumber Act

A

Raised tariffs to protect factories and farms (1922)

217
Q

Full Employment Act

A

Laid the economic stability of inflation and unemployment onto the federal government

218
Q

Furman v. Georgia

A

Requirement of a consistency in the application of the federal government

219
Q

Geneva Conference

A

1954: Discussions on Korea and Indochina
1955: Britain, Russia, America, and France discuss global security

220
Q

Gideon v. Wainwright

A

Those who cannot afford an attorney are provided one by the state (14th Amendment)

221
Q

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

A

Limited commercial bank security activities and affiliations between commercial banks and firms

222
Q

Good Neighbor Policy

A

FDR’s policy of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America

223
Q

Great Society

A

Set of domestic programs in the United States announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson for social reform and elimination of poverty and racial injustice

224
Q

Griswold v. Connecticut

A

Supreme Court ruling that stated that the Constitution protected a right to privacy

225
Q

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

A

Raised United States tariffs on over 20,000 importing goods to record levels during the Great Depression

226
Q

Helsinki Accord

A

Signed a declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the communists and the west (Was nonbinding since it was not a treaty)

227
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

International agreement in which the signed parties promised not to use war to resolve any sort of dispute or conflict that may arise (Between Germany, France, and the United States)

228
Q

Korematsu v. United States

A

Supreme Court ruling that Japanese internment camps were constitutional due to the Government’s need to prevent espionage

229
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

Act that allowed the United States to lend armaments to the Allies without affecting America’s neutrality in WWII (Countries would return given armaments back after the end of the war)

230
Q

Marshall Plan

A

American program to aid Europe by sending economic support to prevent the spread of communism in democratic nations (Greece and Turkey)

231
Q

McCarran Internal Security Act

A

Required communist organizations to register with United States Attorney General and established the subversive activities control board which investigates persons suspected of engaging in subversive activities or otherwise promoting communism

232
Q

McCarran-Walter Immigration and Nationality Act

A

Restricted immigration into the United States and governs primarily immigration to and citizenship in America (1952-Present)

233
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A

Works to prevent adulterated or misbranding meat and meat products from being sold as food and make sure the meat is slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

234
Q

Medicare

A

Guarantees access to health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older and younger people with disabilities

235
Q

Medicaid

A

Health program for families and individuals with low income and resources

236
Q

Miranda v. Arizona

A

Established that a person must be read their rights before interrogation or questioning

237
Q

Munich Agreement

A

Settlement permitting Nazi Germany’s annexation of Czechoslovakia

238
Q

NAFTA

A

Allows free-trade between Canada, Mexico, and America

239
Q

National Defense Act

A

Established the department of the Air Force and the office of secretary of the Air Force

240
Q

National Industrial Recovery Act

A

Authorized the president to regulate industry and attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and stimulate economic recovery (New deal)

241
Q

National Origins Act (1924)

A

Limited the annual number of immigrants admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from the country who are already living in the US in 1890

242
Q

National Security Council

A

Governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security

243
Q

National War Labor Board

A

Federal agency created in April 1918 by Woodrow Wilson with the purpose to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers in order to ensure labor reliability and productivity during the war

244
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

Treaty between Germany and Soviet Union that outlined nonaggression between the two countries

245
Q

Neutrality Act

A

Statement that America would not get involved in World War II and was spurred by the growth of isolationism in America

246
Q

New York Times v. United States

A

Ruling that made it possible for the New York Times and Washington Post newspapers to publish the Pentagon papers

247
Q

Nixon Doctrine

A

America would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends but would not undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world

248
Q

Nixon v. United States

A

Trial over the Watergate scandal (Nixon would have been impeached if he had not resigned) and was later pardoned

249
Q

Northern Securities Co. v. United States

A

Ruling that ended in the dissolve of the Northern securities Company

250
Q

Office of Economic Oppurtunity

A

Agency responsible for administering most of the war on poverty programs created by Lyndon B. Johnson

251
Q

Panama Canal Treaties

A

Treaties that guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999

252
Q

Peace Corps

A

Volunteer program run by the United States government (Provides technical assistance; helps people outside America understand American culture; and helps Americans understand the cultures of other countries)

253
Q

Platt Amendment

A

Dictated the conditions of the withdrawal of United States troops remaining Cuba at the end of the Spanish American war and defined terms of Cuban American relations

254
Q

Port Huron Statement

A

Manifesto of the students for democratic society (Race and alienation are the two major points of focus)

255
Q

Project Apollo

A

Program that successfully landed American astronauts upon the moon

256
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

Regulated food and drugs in interstate commerce (Progressive Era)

257
Q

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A

Gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations and other businesses

258
Q

Regents of University of California v. Bakke

A

Ruled unconstitutional then admission process of the medical school at the University of California at Davis (16 seats for Blacks, Chicanos, Asians, and Native Americans and 84 seats for Whites)

259
Q

Roe v. Wade

A

Allowed for abortion (Still highly controversial today)

260
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

Stated that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European nations and Latin American countries and enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having Europeans press claims directly

261
Q

SALT-II

A

Second round of agreements with China on the basis of nuclear arms and usage

262
Q

Schecter Poultry Co. v. United States

A

Invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of congresses power under the commerce clause

263
Q

Schenck v. United States

A

Upheld the espionage act of 1917 and concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to express freedom of speech against the draft during World War I

264
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission

A

Holds primary responsability for forcing the federal securities laws and regulating security industry (Stock Market)

265
Q

Sedition Act

A

Extended the espionage act of 1917 to cover a brother range of offenses, notably speech and expression of opinion that cast the government in a negative light

266
Q

Selective Service Act of 1917

A

Authorized the federal government to issue a draft during World War I

267
Q

Selective Training and Service Act of 1940

A

Required that men between the ages 21 and 35 register with local draft boards (During World War II men aged 18 to 45 were to be drafted)

268
Q

G.I. Bill

A

Law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (Low mortgage, low-interest loans, cash for tuition and living expenses to attend college, high school education, and one year of unemployment compensation)

269
Q

Social Security Administration

A

Agency that administers Social Security

270
Q

Standard Oil Co. v. United States

A

Case that ended in the division of the standard oil company

271
Q

Star Wars

A

Reagan’s plan to send a satellite, armed with a laser, to shoot down incoming Soviet missiles from space

272
Q

SALT

A

Agreement between China and the United States to prohibit the use of specific nuclear arms

273
Q

Taft-Hartley Act

A

Restricts the activities and power of labor unions

274
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority

A

Federally owned corporation that provides navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley (The valley was heavily affected during the Great Depression)

275
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Treaty that ended the war between Germany and the Allied powers

276
Q

Tripartite Pact

A

Established the Axis Powers of World War II (Germany, Italy, Japan)

277
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Stated that the United States would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere

278
Q

United States v. Butler

A

Ruled that the agricultural adjustment act was unconstitutional

279
Q

Voice of America

A

The official external broadcast institution of the United States federal government

280
Q

Volstead Act

A

Enacted to carry out the 18th amendment

281
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

Outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African-Americans in America

282
Q

Wagner Act

A

Guarantees basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions

283
Q

War Powers Resolution

A

Federal law intended to check the presidents power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress (The president must notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action and forbids forces to remain for more than 60 days without an operation authorization of these military forces or a declaration of war by Congress)

284
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

The mutual defense treaty among the eight Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War

285
Q

Washington Naval Conference

A

Meeting that regarded the interests in the Pacific Ocean and in East Asia

286
Q

Works Progress Administration

A

New deal program that provided jobs for the building of public and governmental buildings

AP U.S. History (5 decks)

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