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AP U.S. History > Princeton: 18th & 19th Centuries > Flashcards

Princeton: 18th & 19th Centuries Flashcards

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0
Q

Assembly Line

A

Made assembly of a product easier and efficient by having each worker focus on one simple task down a line

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1
Q

Adams’ Midnight Appointments

A

Adams attempted to keep Federalist influence within the government’s judicial system

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2
Q

Beard Thesis

A

Statement by Charles Beard that said that the Founding Fathers f structured the Constitution off their personal financial interests

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3
Q

First Bank of the United States (BUS)

A

Created by Alexander Hamilton and was meant to pull the nation’s economy upwards (meant to last 20 years)

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4
Q

Freeport Doctrine

A

Douglas’ argument that states had the right to popular sovereignty (The doctrine defended that right)

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5
Q

The Frontier Thesis

A

Stated that the American frontier was gone and could only be built upon (Character, dreams, and hopes were laid in the frontier)

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6
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

Carnegie argued that it was dangerous to hand money to the poor from the rich (Work was needed as a means for them to earn the money)

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7
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

When a company buys out all of the competition and forms a monopoly (Standard Oil)

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8
Q

Interchangeable Parts

A

Allowed the cheaper manufacturing and purchasing of parts of a product that could easily be replaced (Consumers did not have to buy an entirely new product)

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9
Q

Jeffersonian Republicanism

A

Based on a agrarian society (People and states had more power than the federal government)

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10
Q

Jingoism

A

Threats made by a nation to protect it’s interests (Used in the Phillipinnes and in Cuba)

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11
Q

Judicial Review

A

Ability of the court to review any decision made by Congress (Gave the court more power to help balance out laws made by Congress)

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12
Q

Kitchen Cabinet

A

Unofficial advisors that Andrew Jackson consulted besides the U.S. Cabinet

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13
Q

Loose Constructionism

A

Belief that the Constitution was a guideline for laws but could be amended (Laws could be made that the Constitution did not forbid; Hamilton)

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14
Q

Lowell System

A

Labor model that helped increase the production of textiles (All production was done under one roof)

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15
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that Americans had the right to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean (God-given right)

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16
Q

Nativism

A

Demanding a favored status of the original populace (Immigrants poured into the country and stole jobs from Americans)

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17
Q

Pet Banks

A

State banks that recieved money from the U.S. Treasury (Able to loan money to local banks and to the population, helped on credit with homes and farm tools)

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18
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Ability of the state to decide whether it was for or against slavery (Decisions in Kansas, Nebraska, and California destroyed the Missouri Compromise)

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19
Q

Second Bank of the United States (BUS)

A

2nd term of the Bank of the United States (Government recieved revenue during Jefferson’s presidency)

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20
Q

Second Party System

A

Two parties ran on a ballot for the presidency (Democrats/Republicans)

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21
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Only the successful businesses were meant to survive (Big business thrived while local businesses failed)

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22
Q

Spoils System

A

Giving of political office to advocates and friends (Jackson handed out seats to advisors and those who helped him campaign)

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23
Q

Standard Oil Company

A

Rockefeller used horizontal integration to take over the oil industry and formed a monopoly

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24
Q

States Right’s

A

Rights the states had to protect themselves from the federal government (Southern states felt attacked by Northern laws and seceded)

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25
Q

Strict Constructionism

A

Belief that the constitution should be followed to the letter (Jefferson)

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26
Q

Trust

A

Large business within an industry (Standard Oil, Railroad)

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27
Q

Turner Thesis

A

Another name for the Frontier Thesis

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28
Q

U.S. Steel Corporation

A

Trust ran by Morgan that the government attempted to break up and failed

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29
Q

Utopian Communities

A

Perfect society promoted by the Mormons

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30
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Owning all of the production of a product (Carnegie Steel Company)

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31
Q

War Profiteering

A

Overcharging the government for goods and services during war (Many of the goods were not high-grade but were bought due to need)

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32
Q

Washington’s Farewell Address

A

Warned the U.S. to stay out of foreign affairs while it was still a new nation (Jefferson passed Neutrality Acts)

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33
Q

White Man’s Burden

A

Idea that the Blacks were inferior and needed to be taught religion and labor by the white man (Reason to keep slavery in the South)

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34
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

Type of journalism that based itself on scandals and corruption

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35
Q

Annapolis Convention

A

Hamilton called for an assembly to deal with issues surrounding the government (5 delegates came and no progress was made)

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36
Q

Antietam

A

Bloodiest battle of the civil war (Union used the win to keep Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy)

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37
Q

Atlanta Exposition/Compromise

A

Outlined Booker’s view on race relations (Compromise allowed basic rights to Blacks as long as they continued work)

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38
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

Union captured the largest Confederate city (Turning point of the war)

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39
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Attacks between pro and antislavery groups that led to many deaths throughout both capitals

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40
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Killing of innocents by Royal Soldiers after they had assaulted the officers (Tension rose between the U.S. and Britain)

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41
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Throwing of tea into the harbor in protest of the taxes that were imposed by the British

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42
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

Rebellion by Chinese against the spheres of influence that lined its coast (Chinese wanted culture and own trade)

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43
Q

Chesapeake Affair

A

Confederate sympathizers from Canada aided in the capture of a Union ship in New England

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44
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Pulled out military influence from the South and ended the Reconstruction Era

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45
Q

Constitutional Convention of 1787

A

Ended in the creation of the Constitution

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46
Q

Credit Mobilier Scandal

A

Government officials were bribed to keep taxes low for the company

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47
Q

Cross of Gold Speech

A

Speech by Jennings that promoted the coinage of silver as opposed to the gold standard (Appealed to farmers since it would raise crop prices and their loans would be paid off faster)

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48
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

Ended the Federalist Party and sought American unity (Marks the first economic troubles in America)

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49
Q

Federalist Papers

A

Spread the position of the Federalists on the Constitution theoughout the colonies

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50
Q

Filipino Insurrection

A

Conflict between the Phillipinnes and America on the independence of the islands (Treaty of Manila was made and the Phillipinnes were releases)

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51
Q

French and Indian War

A

War between the British and French with Natives on both sides (British won with American aid and France was kicked out of North America)

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52
Q

German and Irish Immigration

A

Potato famine forced Germany and Ireland to search for opputunities in America (Took jobs, which led to protests by laborers)

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53
Q

Gold Rush in California

A

Sent many Americans westward for a chance to make a profit (Helped in expanding westward)

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54
Q

Great Migration

A

Movement of Blacks to Northern cities for better jobs, less racism, and to start a culture

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55
Q

Hartford Covention

A

Federalists met to discuss issues and grievances about the war of 1812 (Party died off soon because of public relations)

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56
Q

Haymarket Square Riot

A

Bomb went off in a mass of people and police (Marked the end of the Knights of Labor)

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57
Q

Homestead Strike

A

Efforts to unionize within the steel industry occured through strikes (Carnegie forced a lockout to those within Unions)

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58
Q

Indian Removal Act (1830)

A

Forced Natives into reservations in the West (Gold had been found on original land)

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59
Q

King George’s War

A

Capture of French Louisbourg (Raised morale of Americans, but made them angry when the city was returned to France)

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60
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

The debates helped denounce popular sovereignty and helped Lincoln begin a political career

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61
Q

Maysville Road Veto

A

Veto of allowing the government to invest in the building of roads (Jackson believed that the government should leave local economic affairs alone)

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62
Q

Mexican-American War

A

War over the secession and annexation of Texas and America expansion (Ended in Mexico ceding from Modern America with payments of $5 Million)

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63
Q

Pullman Strike

A

Strike based on the increase of wages and non-fluctuating rents (Federal government stepped in and broke up the Union and strike)

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64
Q

Reform Movements

A

Meant to improve social and economic issues (Temperance Movement, Public Education)

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65
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

Second revival of religion in America (Baptists and Methodists brought in more followers)

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66
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

1st convention for women’s rights (Women wanted the right to vote in politics)

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67
Q

Seward Purchase of Alaska

A

Seen as a mistake by many (Bought from Russia but was discovered to be rich in raw materials)

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68
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Protest by war veterans against the taxes and shut down courts for tax collecting

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69
Q

Sherman’s March Through Georgia

A

Crippled the states economy and destroyed the agrarian society (Cut off food supply to the Confederates also)

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70
Q

Sioux Wars

A

Retaliation by Native Sioux against the removal (Sioux lost and were removed from the land)

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71
Q

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

A

Protest against the tariffs that harmed the Southern economy (States rights)

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72
Q

South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification

A

Stated the nullification of the tariffs (They eventually seceded with other Southern states following them)

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73
Q

Spanish-American War

A

Assertion of the Monroe Doctrine to protect interests of America in the Western Hemisphere (America controlled many territories afterwards)

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74
Q

Stamp Act Crisis

A

Placed a harsh tax on the colonies (Colonies demanded it to be removed due to no representation in Parliament)

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75
Q

Swing Around The Circle

A

Johnson campaigned for a lenient Reconstruction of the South (North disagreed and ended Reconstruction with military in Southern governments)

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76
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Route that was taken by Natives as they were relocated to reservations

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77
Q

Tripoli War

A

War against Tripoli to stop the attack of American merchant ships

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78
Q

U.S.S. Maine

A

Ship sinking that brought America into the Spanish-American war

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79
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Brought up the issues of slavery and how slaves were treated (Motivated the first abolitionists)

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80
Q

Undeclared Naval War With France

A

Capture of American ships that led to the XYZ Affair

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81
Q

Union and Central Pacific Joined Transcontinental Line

A

Marked the point in which the nation was unionized through trade (Populace could trade opwnly in the nation)

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82
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Rebellion over the excise tax on whiskey (Federal troops were sent to halt the rebellion, showed the power of the government)

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83
Q

XYZ Affair

A

Bribing of French officials to halt the taking of American ships

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84
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

President that fid everything in his power to reunite the Union (Assassinated later on)

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85
Q

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

Stated that a country with great naval power would have a great impact worldwide

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86
Q

American Anti-Slavery Society

A

1st abolitionist group that protested against slavery

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87
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

Labor Union that based its members as craftsmen (accepted only skilled workers) and wanted higher wages and lower hours

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88
Q

American Protective Association

A

Secret society that was against Catholicism

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89
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Ran the steel trusts and wrote the Gospel of Wealth and promoted Social Darwinism

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90
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

President that promoted Jacksonian Democracy and focused on the rights of the city dwellers

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91
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

Lincolns successor and attempted carry out Lincolns ideals (Was first president to be impeached)

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92
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Those who opposed the Constitution

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93
Q

Anti-Masonic Party

A

A society that was against secret societied taking part in American politics

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94
Q

Benjamin Harrison

A

Created the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and advocated rights for African Americans

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95
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

Promoted the idea that Blacks should advance themselves economically rather than socially

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96
Q

Border Ruffians

A

Pro-slavery activists that ran into Kansas and voted for slavery

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97
Q

Boss Tweed

A

Big business owner who used his money to run corrupt cops and help the poor in exchange for votes

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98
Q

Chief Joseph and the Nez Pierce

A

Fled from an American army to escape reservations (Was caught and placed in a reservation)

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99
Q

Citizen Edmund Genet

A

Came to America to ask for aide to the French (Aid was denied)

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100
Q

Civil Service Commission

A

Commission designed to oversee employment and working conditions of laborers

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101
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A

Individual state governments in the 13 colonies that coordinated responses to and from British leaders

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102
Q

Coxey’s Army

A

Marched in protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1863 and lobbied for government builds (roads and public buildings) to provide jobs

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103
Q

Daniel Webster

A

Worked out Compromises to help keep the war at bay between the North and South

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104
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Advocated for rights of the mentally ill and disabled (Wanted them in hospitals and asylums rather than prisons)

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105
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A

1st woman to recieve a medical degree in America (Promoted womens education within medicine)

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106
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

Created the 1st womens suffrage movement (Didnt support the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments)

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107
Q

Emerson and Thoreau

A

Both were leaders of transcendalism snd protested against the culture and society of the age

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108
Q

Eugene V. Debs

A

Leader of the Socialist Party and the Wobblies (IWW)

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109
Q

Federalists

A

Those who believed in the constitutions rules and values

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110
Q

First Continental Congress

A

Decided and compiled the grievances of the 13 colonies to Britain

111
Q

Forty-Niners

A

Those who entered the gold rush in 1849 (California Gold Rush)

112
Q

Franklin Pierce

A

President that advocates the Monro Doctrine (wanted Britain out of Central America)

113
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Writer that supported the abolitionists and African rights

114
Q

Frederick Jackson Turner

A

Wrote the turner thesis (Frontier was dead and it had held all hopes and dreams)

115
Q

Free Soil Party

A

Opposed slavery and the expansion of slavery into the new territories

116
Q

George Washington

A

1st president that kept the U.S. out of foreign affairs and warned future leaders of getting involved

117
Q

King George III

A

King of Britain that governed over the colonies during the American Revolution

118
Q

The Grange Movement

A

Group of families that promoted the economic and politics of agriculture (Later joined into the Populist Party)

119
Q

Greenback Party

A

Party against monopolies and promoted greenbacks to help cause inflation (would raise prices and make debts for farmers easier to pay)

120
Q

Henry Clay

A

Senator who made many Compromises to help keep the country together (1820, 1850) and had a agreement with adams for being secretary of state

121
Q

Horace Mann

A

Promoted the creation of a public school system (Helped further education measures for teachers and students)

122
Q

James Buchanan

A

Attempted to halt the War prematurely but alienated both sides (South seceded)

123
Q

James Garfield

A

Promoted Civil Rights and denounced the greenback (Assassinated)

124
Q

James Monroe

A

Proclaimed the Monroe Doctrine as foreign policy

125
Q

James Polk

A

Heavily believed in Manifest Destiny and the expansion of America (Mexican-War)

126
Q

Jane Addams

A

Created the hull houses for women that needed education and medical assisstance

127
Q

John Adams

A

Signed the Alien and Sedition Acts and built up the navy during the Quasi-War

128
Q

John Brown

A

Led a slave revolt upon Harper’s ferry (Made abolitionism look bad due to that they attacked a federal armory)

129
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

Created the concurrent majority concept (Minority had the right to block the majority could need special legislation for protection)

130
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Owner of the Standard Oil Company and Oil Trust

131
Q

John Marshall

A

Supreme Court Judge that used Federalist ideas to decide on cases

132
Q

John Quincy Adams

A

Ended the War of 1812, promoted modernization of the American economy and education

133
Q

Joseph Pulitzer

A

Journalist that used yellow journalism against big business and corruption

134
Q

Knights of Labor

A

Wanted equal rights for men and women in work, lower hours, and higher wages (8-hour workday)

135
Q

Know-Nothing (American) Party

A

Promoted nativist ideas in their party but were secretive

136
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Group that oppressed Blacks through terrorism, killings, and other violence

137
Q

Liberty Party

A

Advocated the view that the Constitution was an anti-slave document

138
Q

Martin Van Buren

A

Succeeded Andrew Jackson but took advce from him while he was president

139
Q

Mormon Church

A

Believed in polygamy and were constantly harrassed during the Temperance Movements

140
Q

Nat Turner

A

American slave who led a slave rebellion (60 whites and 100 slaves died before revolt died) and laws were passed in the South to oppress the Blacks to prevent future rebellion

141
Q

Narional Labor Union

A

First organized labor union

142
Q

Populist Party

A

Believed in the free coinage of silver and the government regulation of railroads and telephone lines

143
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A

Hawaiian Queen (Dole stepped in and took over, Hawaii was soon annexed)

144
Q

Radical Republicans

A

Believed that the rebelling states should be punished for seceding (Military Governed)

145
Q

Robber Barons

A

Wealthy 19th Century businessmen who used exploitative practices to amass wealth

146
Q

Robert Fulton

A

Developed the 1st steamboat (Commericialy beneficial along canals and rivers)

147
Q

Rough Riders

A

1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry that was led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War

148
Q

Rutherford B. Hayes

A

Oversaw the end of the Reconstruction period and restored public trust in the government

149
Q

Samuel Gompers

A

Leader of the AF of L

150
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Established the Articles of Confederation

151
Q

Seventh Day Adventist Church

A

Puritan church that observes Saturday as Sabbath

152
Q

Shakers

A

Found on the teachings of Ann Lee (based on gender equality)

153
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Radical group against the British rule (Stages riots against officers and protests)

154
Q

Stephen Douglas

A

Advocated popular sovereignty within the states over the issue of slavery

155
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

Advocated womens rights but not African rights

156
Q

Temperance Societies

A

Societies that were against the sins of the church and what was immoral (Liquor, prostitution)

157
Q

Terrence Powderly

A

Head of the Knights of Labor (Blamed for the Haymarker Square Riot)

158
Q

Thomas A. Edison

A

Made improvements in electricity (Lightbulb helped factories move away from water sources)

159
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Promoted an agrarian society during his presidency (strict constructionist)

160
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Wrote Common Sense (Pamphlet against the British Rule)

161
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Leader of the Union Army

162
Q

Whig Party

A

Supported the supremacy of Congress over the President (Created in opposition to Johnson)

163
Q

William Henry Harrison

A

Fought in Tippacanoe and in the War of 1812 (Whig Party, died after inauguration, 31 days)

164
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

Advocated the Populist ideals and free silver (Democrat)

165
Q

William McKinley

A

Kept the nation on the gold standard, led the Spanish-American
War effort, and raises tariffs to protect industry

166
Q

William Randolph Hearst

A

Influenced American journalism through the use of yellow journalism

167
Q

Womens Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)

A

Temperance union against alcohol, saloons, and prostitution

168
Q

Workingmen’s Party

A

Belief in a transformation of society through the working class in unions

169
Q

Yeomen

A

Farmers that only harvested enough crops to support their family

170
Q

Zachary Taylor

A

President that urged New Mexico and California for statehood (Was a whig but went against their ideals)

171
Q

Brook Farm

A

Utopian Experiment made by transcendalists (All worked on labor and based on balance of work and leisure for the greater community’s benefit

172
Q

Brooklyn Bridge

A

Connects Manhattan and Brooklyn (Oldest suspension bridges)

173
Q

Confederate States of America

A

States that were in rebellion and had seceded from the Union

174
Q

Cuba

A

Territory acquired by America after the Spanish-American War (Later released due to communism)

175
Q

Erie Canal

A

Made traveling easier with ships

176
Q

Hawaii

A

Island state that was annexed after Dole took over the island

177
Q

Mississippi River

A

River that was the beginning of the Proclamation Line of 1763

178
Q

New Orleans

A

Cajun city that was taken by the Union during the Civil War (Turning point)

179
Q

Oklahoma Territory

A

Natives were places in reservations within the territory

180
Q

The Phillipinnes

A

Taken from the Spanish (Granted independence after revolution)

181
Q

Puerto Rico, Samoa, and Guam

A

Other territories acquired after the Spanish-American War

182
Q

Tenements

A

A substandard multifamily dwelling in the turbine core usually old and occupied by the poor

183
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A

Treaty between United States and Spain in 1819 (Set out a boundary between the US and New Spain)

184
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

Proposal to create a unified government for the 13 colonies that was suggested by Benjamin Franklin

185
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists and fifth United States Congress in the aftermath of the French Revolution

186
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery in all states

187
Q

14th Amendment

A

Gave all American citizens basic rights

188
Q

15th Amendment

A

Extended the right to vote to all African-Americans

189
Q

American System

A

An economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19 century

190
Q

Amnesty Act

A

A United States federal law that removed voting restrictions and office-holding disqualification against most of the secessionists who rebelled in the American Civil War except for some 500 military leaders of the Confederacy

191
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

And agreement among the 13 founding states Eestalustee United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first Constitution

192
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Document that outlines all basic rights given to Americans

193
Q

Black Codes

A

Set of laws within the south that restricted slavery rebellion and forbade slaves from reading or writing

194
Q

Bland-Allison Act

A

An act of Congress requiring the US treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars

195
Q

Bradwell v. Illinois

A

Case that solidified the narrow reading of the privileges or immunities clause of the 14th amendment and determined that the right to practice a profession was not among these privileges

196
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Prohibited American colonists from going west of the Mississippi River

197
Q

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

A

Case settling a dispute over the constitutional clause regarding obligation of contract

198
Q

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

A

Supreme Court case that ruled that the Supreme Court Had no original jurisdiction in the matter as a Cherichi was a dependent nation

199
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

Act that allowed the United States to suspend Chinese immigration a ban that was intended to last 10 years

200
Q

Chisholm v. Georgia

A

Case that led to the 11th amendment

201
Q

Command of the Army Act

A

Act that gave Grant power from Johnson that was used to limit Johnson’s power

202
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Package of five bills passed the United States in September 1850 which diffuse the four-year confrontation between the slave states in the south and free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American war

203
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Deal let’s settled intensely disputed 1876 US Presidential election, pulled from federal troops out of state politics in the south, and ended the reconstruction era

204
Q

Compromise Tariff

A

Proposed by Henry Clay and JohnJohn C. Calhoun as a resolution to the nullification crisis

205
Q

Confiscation Act

A

Laws passed by the United States Congress during the Civil War with the intention of freeing the slaves still held by the Confederate forces in the south

206
Q

Continental Association

A

A system created by the First Continental Congress in 1774 for implementing a trade boycott with Great Britain

207
Q

Cumberland/National Road

A

The first major improvement highway in the United States to be built by the federal government

208
Q

Dawes Severalty Act

A

Authorize the president of the United States to survey Indian tribal lands and divide it into allotments for individual Indians

209
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Announced that the 13 American colonies regarded themselves as independent states

210
Q

Dred Scott v. Standford

A

First ruling that African Americans were not citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court

211
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

An order issued to all segments of the executive branch of the United States by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War

212
Q

Embargo Act

A

A general embargo enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic wars

213
Q

Force Bill

A

Enacted to authorize Pres. Andrew Jackson’s use of whatever force necessary to enforce federal tariffs

214
Q

Franco-American Alliance

A

The 1778 alliance between France and the United States during the American Revolutionary war

215
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

An American federal government agency that aided distressed distressed freedmen in 1865-1872, but it was very weak by 1870 during the reconstruction era of United States

216
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 the ride for the return of slaves that escaped from one state into another state or territory

217
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

A landmark decision in which the Supreme Court held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the commerce clause by the U.S. Constitution

218
Q

Great Compromise

A

An agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional convention of 1787 that part defined the legislative structure and representation for each state would have under the American Constitution

219
Q

Homestead Act

A

Gave an applicant ownership of land, typically called a “homestead”, at little or no cost

220
Q

Independent Treasury Act

A

And act to provide for the better organization of the treasury, and for the collection, safekeeping, transfer, and disbursement of the public revenue

221
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

An act that physically removed all Native Americans from their original Homeland to reservations in Oklahoma territory

222
Q

Insular Cases

A

Several cases concerning the status of territories acquired by the United States in the Spanish-American war

223
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

Wow that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly it’s monopolistic practices

224
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

Name for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Massachusetts after the Boston tea party

225
Q

Jay Treaty

A

Treaty between America and Britain that facilitated 10 years of peaceful trade

226
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

Landmark statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the first United States Congress establishing the United States federal judiciary

227
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and repealed the Missouri compromise of 1820

228
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Raised money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states

229
Q

Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

A

Declared that states could be reintegrated into the union on 10% of 1860 vote count to take an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledge to abide by emancipation

230
Q

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

A

Another name for the Proclamation if Amnesty

231
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Case in which the court form the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under article 3 of the Constitution

232
Q

Massachusetts Circular Letter

A

Statement written by Samuel Adams and passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in February 1768 in response to the Townshend acts

233
Q

McCulloh v. Maryland

A

Instituted that the constitution grants Congress implied powers and that state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government

234
Q

McKinley Tariff

A

Raised the average duty on imports to almost 50%

235
Q

Military Reconstruction Act

A

Act that replaced all southern governments with a militarized Union government

236
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Prohibited slavery above the 36° 30’ line

237
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Doctrine that prohibits any European influence on the Western Hemisphere

238
Q

Morrill Land Grant Act

A

Allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges

239
Q

Munn v. Illinois

A

Allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation

240
Q

Macon’s Bill No. 2

A

Intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic wars

241
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created the Northwest territory

242
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

An attempt to avoid a full-blown war between the 13 colonies and Britain

243
Q

Open Door Policy

A

Refers to the policy in 1899 allowing multiple imperial powers access to China with none of them in control of that country

244
Q

Oregon Treaty

A

Treaty that brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon country, which have been jointly occupied by both Britain and America since the Treaty of 1818

245
Q

Ostend Manifesto

A

Document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain and implying that the United States should declare war if Spain refused

246
Q

Pendleton Act

A

Federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit

247
Q

Pinckney’s Treaty

A

Established the intention of friendship between United States and Spain

248
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

Upholded the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of separate but equal

249
Q

Protective Tariff

A

Tax on imports or exports

250
Q

Quartering Acts

A

Enacted parliament to order local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with acommodationa and also required citizens to provide food for any British soldiers in the area

251
Q

Rush-Bagot Agreement

A

Treaty between the United States and Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain (After the War of 1812)

252
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

Prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anti-competitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation

253
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

Increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase on a recurrent monthly basis to 4.5 million ounces; however, it did not authorize the free unlimited coinage of silver that the free silver supporters wanted

254
Q

Special Field Order No. 15

A

Provided for the confiscation of 400,000 acres of land on the Atlantic coastlineof South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida by William Tecumseh Sherman

255
Q

Stamp Act

A

Any legislation that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents

256
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

Meeting held between October 7 and 25th, 1765 in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America (They devised a unified protest against new British taxation)

257
Q

Sugar Act

A

A revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Britain on April 5 of 1764

258
Q

Currency Act

A

Regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America

259
Q

Tallmadge Amendment

A

Bill that requested that the territory of Missouri be admitted to the Union as a state

260
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A

Test designed to protect industry in the northern United States in 1828

261
Q

Tea Act

A

Allowed the British East India Company to directly ship its tea to North America and the right to the duty-free export of tea from Britain

262
Q

Teller Amendment

A

Placed a condition of the United States military in Cuba in which the United States could not annex Cuba but only leave the “Control of the island to its people”

263
Q

Tenure of Office Act

A

Purported to deny the president the power to remove any executive officer who had been appointed by the president, without the insight of the senate, unless the Senate approved the removal during the next full session of Congress

264
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Meant to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial rule (also that Britain had the right to tax the colonies) that was made by Charles Townsend

265
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between United States and Britain

266
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Peace treaty signed between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American war and also gave the United States all modern American claims with the payment of $15 million to Mexico

267
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Two treaties that ended the Seven Years war and the Spanish-American war

268
Q

Trent Affair

A

Removal of two Confederate diplomats aboard the Trent ship that was headed to Britain to discuss diplomatic recognition in Europe for the Confederacy

269
Q

United States v. E.C. Knight Company

A

Case that limited the government’s power to control monopolies

270
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

Both Kentucky and Virginia took the position that the federal alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional

271
Q

Wabash Case

A

Supreme Court decision that’s really limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce

272
Q

Wade-Davis Bill

A

Bill that made readmittance to Union for former Confederate states based on the ironclad oath (harsher version of the 10% plan)

273
Q

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

A

Tree resolving several border issues between United States and the British North American colonies

274
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Prohibited slavery in all-new territories (Was never passed)

275
Q

Wilson-Gorman Tariff

A

Slightly reduced tariff rates from the McKinley tariff and imposed a 2% income tax

276
Q

Worcester v. Georgia

A

Upheld that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional

AP U.S. History (5 decks)

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