Primer 20 Flashcards
Describe mitral regurg murmur. Aortic regurg?
Mitral- holosystolic
Aortic- diastolic, decrescendo ** Assc with ^^pulse pressure and head bobbing
Five layers of the epidermis
Dan said this during Dr. McGuffins lecture:
Californians Love Girls (in) String Bikinis.
Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale
Layers of the uterus?
Which are shed in menstruation?
Same as heart: perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium.
Endometrium = stratum compactum, spongiosum, and Basale. All layers of endometrium except Basale are shed during mesntruation.
How do estrogen and progesterone effect the lining of the uterus?
Estrogen increases the proliferation of the uterus.
Progesterone inhibits it/ causes menstruation.
They balance each other out. Too much estrogen = hyperplasia. This is why OCPs/hormone replacement must always be a combo.
1 female cancer
Endometrial carcinoma
Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia:
Anovulation, estrogen ^^^ (endogenous/artificial), obesity, PCOS etc.
Anything that increases estrogen»_space;» progesterone.
What is endometritis?
What causes it?
What is a Pathonogmonic finding?
Ascending polymicrobial infection
Seen in PID, post partum or with foreign bodies
* see plasma cells in endometrium
What is endometriosis and how does it happen?
Endometrial tissue implanted outside of the uterus.
Caused by retrograde menstrual flow, vascular/lymph spread, and/or metaplasia.
Two “masses” Assc with endometriosis?
Chocolate cysts (in ovary, full of blood tissue) Powder burn lesions
Why is danazol no longer used to treat endometriosis?
What is its mechanism?
Androgen agonist. Causes masculinization.
Hirsutism, acne, weight gain, etc
What is adenomyosis?
How does it make the uterus appear?
Endometrium grows into the myometrium
Makes the uterus look “globular” and may cause mennorhagia
Most common SM tumor in females?
Histologic pattern?
Leiomyomas/ fibroids
Have “whorl pattern” on histo
Usually shrunk with leuprolide and removed via hysterectomy
Leiomyosarcoma: Classic presentation
Rapidly growing uterus
Malignant tumor arising de novo
Condition causing CYCLIC pelvic pain & bowel/ bladder sx
Endometriosis
Leuprolide MOA
GnRH analog. Initially increases FSH/LH/estrogen but inhibits their release over time by decreasing the number of GnRH receptors.
- Used to shrink female cancers dependent on estrogen for grown or in endometrial hyperplasia.
- given once during IVC to increase fertility/ induce ovulation
- may also be used in advanced prostate cancer or precocious puberty.