Primer 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe mitral regurg murmur. Aortic regurg?

A

Mitral- holosystolic

Aortic- diastolic, decrescendo ** Assc with ^^pulse pressure and head bobbing

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2
Q

Five layers of the epidermis

A

Dan said this during Dr. McGuffins lecture:
Californians Love Girls (in) String Bikinis.

Corneum 
Lucidum 
Granulosum 
Spinosum 
Basale
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3
Q

Layers of the uterus?

Which are shed in menstruation?

A

Same as heart: perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium.
Endometrium = stratum compactum, spongiosum, and Basale. All layers of endometrium except Basale are shed during mesntruation.

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4
Q

How do estrogen and progesterone effect the lining of the uterus?

A

Estrogen increases the proliferation of the uterus.
Progesterone inhibits it/ causes menstruation.

They balance each other out. Too much estrogen = hyperplasia. This is why OCPs/hormone replacement must always be a combo.

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5
Q

1 female cancer

A

Endometrial carcinoma

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6
Q

Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia:

A

Anovulation, estrogen ^^^ (endogenous/artificial), obesity, PCOS etc.

Anything that increases estrogen&raquo_space;» progesterone.

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7
Q

What is endometritis?
What causes it?
What is a Pathonogmonic finding?

A

Ascending polymicrobial infection
Seen in PID, post partum or with foreign bodies
* see plasma cells in endometrium

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8
Q

What is endometriosis and how does it happen?

A

Endometrial tissue implanted outside of the uterus.

Caused by retrograde menstrual flow, vascular/lymph spread, and/or metaplasia.

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9
Q

Two “masses” Assc with endometriosis?

A
Chocolate cysts (in ovary, full of blood tissue) 
Powder burn lesions
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10
Q

Why is danazol no longer used to treat endometriosis?

What is its mechanism?

A

Androgen agonist. Causes masculinization.

Hirsutism, acne, weight gain, etc

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11
Q

What is adenomyosis?

How does it make the uterus appear?

A

Endometrium grows into the myometrium

Makes the uterus look “globular” and may cause mennorhagia

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12
Q

Most common SM tumor in females?

Histologic pattern?

A

Leiomyomas/ fibroids
Have “whorl pattern” on histo
Usually shrunk with leuprolide and removed via hysterectomy

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13
Q

Leiomyosarcoma: Classic presentation

A

Rapidly growing uterus

Malignant tumor arising de novo

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14
Q

Condition causing CYCLIC pelvic pain & bowel/ bladder sx

A

Endometriosis

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15
Q

Leuprolide MOA

A

GnRH analog. Initially increases FSH/LH/estrogen but inhibits their release over time by decreasing the number of GnRH receptors.

  • Used to shrink female cancers dependent on estrogen for grown or in endometrial hyperplasia.
  • given once during IVC to increase fertility/ induce ovulation
  • may also be used in advanced prostate cancer or precocious puberty.
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16
Q

Four Meds with low therapeutic index

A

Lithium
Digoxin
Warfarin
Phenobarbitol

Remember. Phenobarbital and warfarin are constantly being monitored. Digoxin toxicity is semi-common. Also….lithium is lithium. It just sounds poisonous.