Primer 17 Flashcards
Identify the zoonotic bacteria that cause:
- cat scratch fever
- Lyme disease
- Recurrent fever from variable surface antigens
- Bloody diarrhea
- Q fever
- Tularemia
- Leptospirosis
- Cellulitis/ osteomyelitis from dog/ cat bites
- bartonella
- borellia burgdorferi
- borellia recurrentes (from tics and lice)
- campylobacter (puppies, fecal oral, STI)
- Coxiella brunetti ( tic feces, cattle placenta)
- Franciella Tulurentes
- Leptospira
- Pasturella multocida
Describe the clinical findings of Brown Squared syndrome:
Lesion of corticospinal tract + anterior horn
- Ipsilateral:
- UMN signs below lesion
- LMN signs at level of lesion
- Dorsal column loss below level of lesion
- pain and temp loss that cross at level of lesion - Contralateral:
- pain and temp loss @ level of lesion
Drug that prevents release of Ca+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum:
DANTROLENE
Identify the location where the following GLUT transporters are found. Which are Insulin dependent? Which stimulate insulin? Which modulates fructose uptake?
- Glut 1
- Glut 2
- Glut 3
- Glut 4
- Glut 5
- RBC, brain endothelial cells (low level basal glucose uptake regardless of insulin)
- Hepatocytes, B pancreatic cells (simulate insulin)
- Neurons, placenta
- Skeletal m, adipose (INSULIN DEPENDENT)
- GI Tract: FRUCTOSE uptake
Which enzymes PO4 glucose when to keep it inside the cytosol for the purpose of glycolysis?
Describe their Km, Vmax.
Where are they found?
- Hexokinase (all cells): ^Km, ^Vmax
- insulin dependent
- requires lots of substrate to work - Glucokinase (liver, B cells,): LOW Km, LOW Vmax
- insulin independent
- only requires a little substrate to work
Which enzyme converts fructose-6-P–> fructose-1,6-BP?
What is so important about this step in glycolysis?
Which factors induce the enzyme?
Inhibit?
Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) RATE LIMITING STEP!
+ : AMP, Fructose-2,6-BP
- : ATP, Citrate
Which enzyme converts PEP–> Pyruvate at the end of glycolysis?
Which factors induce the enzyme?
Inhibit?
Pyruvate Kinase
+ : Fructose-1,6-BP
- : AMP, Alanine
Describe the clinical presentation of glycolytic enzyme deficiency and identify why the phenomena occur:
DEFICIENT glycolytic enzymes–> INHIB glycolysis–> STOP ATP production–> STOP Na+/K+ pumps in RBCs–> HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA***
What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency?
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Reason through the following scenario:
A muscle biopsy on a patient of yours reveals elevated glycogen levels, elevated fructose 6-phosphate, and decreased pyruvate. What enzyme de ciency do you suspect most?
^ F6P = deficient PFK 1
Inability to convert to F-1,6-BP
Which enzymes are responsible for increasing and decreasing the intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-BP?
How does insulin affect these enzymes?
PFK2: ^ Fructose-2,6-BP
(Stimulated by insulin–> ^ glycolysis)
FBP-2: DECREASE Fructose-2,6-BP
(Inhibited by insulin–> Stop glycolysis )
