primate evolution Flashcards
what order are humans in?
primates
what are homologies?
closest living relatives, look for characters shared by descent
how much of our genes do we share with chimpanzees?
more then 98%
what was the scope monkey trial (1975)?
texas school board challenged the teaching of evolution
what happened 65 million years ago?
primates evolved and dinosaurs went extinct
what are hominoids?
apes and monkeys
when did monkeys replace apes?
in the Miocene 23-5 million years ago
what is the primate taxonomy?
diverse taxa with 424 listed species, 25 added since 2000
what are 7 characteristics of some primates?
- opposable big toes and thumbs
- dry nose
- flat nails, not claws
- generalised dentition
- hind-limb dominated locomotion
- forward facing eyes
- binocular vision
who was carl von linne?
father of modern taxonomy
what did carl von linne develop?
the binomial nomenclature
what is the binomial nomenclature?
two part naming system, genus in upper case, species in lowercase e.g. Homo sapiens
what did pozzi et al (2014) study?
molecular phylogenetics and evolution
what did pozzi et al (2014) discover?
Order, Family, Genus, Species
what type of animal are we?
great apes (hominids)
what are 3 characteristics of great apes?
flexible shoulders, upright posture, lack tails
what is the human primate taxonomy?
Primate, Hominidae, Homo, Sapeins
what is the chimpanzee primate taxonomy?
Primate, Hominidae, Pan, Troglodytes
what is socioecology?
how ecological forces shape the size and structure of social groups
what life are most primates adapted for?
life in the trees (aboreal)
in what ways do primates have slower life history compared to similarly-sized mammals?
- small litter
- longer pregnancy
- longer juvenile period
- longer life span
what are the 5 mating systems?
solitary, polygyny (one-male), polygyny (multi-male), monogamy, polyandry
what is solitary mating?
one male mates with the other females
what is clumped competition?
fight for limited resources
what is scramble competition?
there are enough resources so no need to fight, do own thing
which 2 animals are the best living models for the phylogeny of human behaviour and cognition?
chimpanzees and bonobos
which animal is most studied?
chimpanzees
what are 3 characteristics of chimpanzees?
good at solving physical problems, aggressive, fight over food share
what did hermann et al (2007) discover about cimpanzees?
they are not great in the social domain, they couldn’t learn how to get a balloon out of a tube (social learning)
what is there a debate about apes having?
an implicit theory of mind
why is there a debate about apes having an implicit theory of mind?
they look for a hidden object where the zoo keeper looks
