prelinguistic speech processing Flashcards
what are preference designs?
observe what infants look/listen to prior to training
what are habituation studies?
train infants and observe their preferences
what are change detection studies?
train infants to respond to a change
what is prosody?
the pattern of stress and intonation in a language
what can musicality and patterns of intonation do?
distinguish 2 languages
when is the foetal auditory system fully formed?
by the third trimester
what did moon et al (1993) find?
newborns prefer their home language
what did mampe et al (2009) find?
newborns cry with an accent
what did nazzi et al (1988) find?
newborns can distinguish between 2 languages, such as german and english
what did de casper and fifer (1980) find?
newborns have a preference for their mother’s voice
what are phonemes?
distinct units of sound, distinguish one word from another
what abilities do 6 and 10 month olds have in regard to universal sounds?
6 month olds can differentiate universal sounds, 10 month olds cannot
what do children initially do in language?
they initially babble
when do Lavitt and Wang (1991) say infants move towards the sounds of their target language?
in the first year
how do infants use statistics?
infants track the co-occurrence of syllables, syllables that co-occur often are likely to part of the same words
what did jusczyk & aslin (1995) say about segmentation?
infants can segment words at 7.5 months old but not at 6 months
what did saffran et al (1996) find?
infants paid more attention to part words
how does infant directed speech (IDS) help segmentation?
boundaries between phrases are enhanced for easier segmentation
what did theissen, hill & saffran (2005) find?
infants better at segmenting words when IDS is used
what do frequent linguistic words (he, she, they) do?
they act as an anchor
what happens if infants identify an anchor word?
they can identify the boundary of adjacent words
what did shi and lepage (2008) discover about segmenting nouns?
8 month olds use ‘the’ to segment nouns
what did bortfield et al (2006) find?
highly frequent words help 6 month olds segment
what are infants doing when they find patterns in speech?
they are organising speech
why do infants need to learn word order?
they need to learn word order to learn syntax
what did gervain et al (2008) discover about function words?
8 month olds are insensitive to frequent-first and frequent-final differences
what does syntax require?
learning the abstract rules of language
what did marcus et al (1999) discover about rule learning?
6 month olds could learn abstract rules with linguistic stimuli
