prelinguistic speech processing

Question 1

what are preference designs?

Answer 1

observe what infants look/listen to prior to training

Question 2

what are habituation studies?

Answer 2

train infants and observe their preferences

Question 3

what are change detection studies?

Answer 3

train infants to respond to a change

Question 4

what is prosody?

Answer 4

the pattern of stress and intonation in a language

Question 5

what can musicality and patterns of intonation do?

Answer 5

distinguish 2 languages

Question 6

when is the foetal auditory system fully formed?

Answer 6

by the third trimester

Question 7

what did moon et al (1993) find?

Answer 7

newborns prefer their home language

Question 8

what did mampe et al (2009) find?

Answer 8

newborns cry with an accent

Question 9

what did nazzi et al (1988) find?

Answer 9

newborns can distinguish between 2 languages, such as german and english

Question 10

what did de casper and fifer (1980) find?

Answer 10

newborns have a preference for their mother’s voice

Question 11

what are phonemes?

Answer 11

distinct units of sound, distinguish one word from another

Question 12

what abilities do 6 and 10 month olds have in regard to universal sounds?

Answer 12

6 month olds can differentiate universal sounds, 10 month olds cannot

Question 13

what do children initially do in language?

Answer 13

they initially babble

Question 14

when do Lavitt and Wang (1991) say infants move towards the sounds of their target language?

Answer 14

in the first year

Question 15

how do infants use statistics?

Answer 15

infants track the co-occurrence of syllables, syllables that co-occur often are likely to part of the same words

Question 16

what did jusczyk & aslin (1995) say about segmentation?

Answer 16

infants can segment words at 7.5 months old but not at 6 months

Question 17

what did saffran et al (1996) find?

Answer 17

infants paid more attention to part words

Question 18

how does infant directed speech (IDS) help segmentation?

Answer 18

boundaries between phrases are enhanced for easier segmentation

Question 19

what did theissen, hill & saffran (2005) find?

Answer 19

infants better at segmenting words when IDS is used

Question 20

what do frequent linguistic words (he, she, they) do?

Answer 20

they act as an anchor

Question 21

what happens if infants identify an anchor word?

Answer 21

they can identify the boundary of adjacent words

Question 22

what did shi and lepage (2008) discover about segmenting nouns?

Answer 22

8 month olds use ‘the’ to segment nouns

Question 23

what did bortfield et al (2006) find?

Answer 23

highly frequent words help 6 month olds segment

Question 24

what are infants doing when they find patterns in speech?

Answer 24

they are organising speech

Question 25

why do infants need to learn word order?

Answer 25

they need to learn word order to learn syntax

Question 26

what did gervain et al (2008) discover about function words?

Answer 26

8 month olds are insensitive to frequent-first and frequent-final differences

Question 27

what does syntax require?

Answer 27

learning the abstract rules of language

Question 28

what did marcus et al (1999) discover about rule learning?

Answer 28

6 month olds could learn abstract rules with linguistic stimuli