Primary Tissues Flashcards
What is gene expression regulated by?
Transcription factors
What are the four basic types of body tissues?
Epithelia
Neural
Muscle
Connective
What are the different functions of epithelia?
Secretion
Absorption
Transport
Barrier
Protection
Strength
Support
What is the function of microvilli?
Absorption
Sensing
What protein is contained in microvilli?
Actin
What is the function of cilia?
Movement
Lateral transport
Sensing
What is the difference between primary and motile cilium?
Microtubule pairs in the primary cilium do not have dynein (motor protein)
What are the functions of tight junctions?
Sealing
What are the functions of desmosomes?
Strengthen cell link
What are the functions of gap junctions?
Connect cytosols of adjacent cells for very small molecules
Communication
What are the functions of adherens junctions?
Spots of connection linking movement proteins
How does myelination enhance conduction in neurons?
It creates internodes
Multiple internodes lie beside each other
Electrical stimulation can jump pass each internode instead of passing through the whole axon
What Schwann cell equals one?
Internode
What creates myelination in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What are the glial cells in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependyma
What are the glial cells in the PNS?
Schwann cells
Satellite cells
What are ependyma cells?
Lining cells of the CNS cavities
What are astrocytes?
Star cells
They create the metabolic environment and give mechanical support
What are microglial cells?
Macrophages of the CNS
They use phagocytosis and then use antigen presentation to stimulate other immune cells
Why are there so many nuclei in skeletal muscles?
Skeletal muscle fibres originate as single cells called myoblasts
Myoblasts they fuse together creating a long single cell
Describe cardiac muscle
Striated
Coordinated contraction
Involuntary control of the blood pump
What are the linkages between cardiac muscle cells?
Intercalated discs
Describe smooth muscle
Non-striated, produces coordinated contraction
Involuntary
Cells are spindle shaped
No striking order
Responsible for peristalsis in the gut
What are examples of connective tissues?
Fibro collagenous
Cartilage
Adipose tissue
Blood
What cells are found in fibro collagenous tissues?
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast
Plasma
Stem
Blood
Adipocytes
Where is loose fibrocollagenous tissues found?
Around epithelia/organs
Where is dense fibrocollagenous tissue found?
Tendon, ligaments
Where is reticular fibrocollagenous tissue found?
Liver, lymph nodes
What are three different types of cartilage?
Elastic- lots of elastin
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage- lots of collagen
What two types of fat make up adipose tissue?
White
Brown
Function of white fat?
Energy storage, insulation and protection
Function of brown fat?
Heat production
What is the function of adipocytes?
To store triglycerides (fats) in the form of single large droplet
To provide mechanical protection around some major organs
Acts as an insulating layer
It also acts as a means of energy storage.
Function of leptin?
Signals to the brain that the body has had enough to eat
What is the process of brown fat to produce heat?
Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
