Carbohydrates Flashcards
Identify this type of carbohydrate
Aldose
Name this aldose molecule
Aldotriose
What are ketoses?
Monosaccharides with a ketone group
Identify this type of carbohydrate
Ketose
Name this molecule
Ketohexose
How do you draw carbohydrates to follow the fischer pattern?
Most oxidative branch at the top
How do you determine if it is a D or L isomer?
The OH furthest from the most oxidative chain, if on left hand side it is L, on the right R
Name this carbohydrate
D-glucose
Why is glucose important?
Monosaccharide of polymers such as starch, cellulose and glycogen
What is the difference between D-glucose and D-galactose?
Body cannot digest D-galactose
What is Glactosemia?
Lack of enzymes, causes liver and brain problems,
What is a cylic structure in monosaccharides?
A ring formed from 5 or 6 carbon atoms
Explain the process to form a cyclic structure?
What is the difference between alpha-D-Glucose and beta-D-Glucose?
The OH on carbon 1 is pointing up for beta and downwards for alpha
What happens when cyclic structures are placed in water?
They open and close, the first carbon forms a aldehyde
Describe the cyclic structure of glucose
How and why can we test for aldoses and ketoses?
They are reducing sugars so can reduce inorganic metals like Cu2+
Describe the mechanism that tests for glucose
What can be used as an indicator of diabetic level?
HbA1c levels in blood
How does lactose intolerance start?
Lack of lactase in small intestine causing bacteria to ferment lactose in the colon
What is glycogen?
The form in which the body stores glucose
What is the bond called which connects the units of glucose in glycogen?
alpha-1,6-Glycosidic bond
