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MD2001 Week 2 > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are epithelial cells?

A

Cells that cover or line all the body surfaces

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2
Q

What do all epithelial cells sit on?

A

Basement membrane

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3
Q

What are tumours called that develop from epithelial cells?

A

Carcinomas

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4
Q

What are epithelial cells connected by?

A

Tight junctions

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5
Q

What are the three different shape of epithelial cells?

A

Columnar

Cuboidal

Squamous

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6
Q

What are epithelial cells called if they only have one layer?

A

Simple

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7
Q

What are epithelial cells called if they have more than one layer?

A

Stratified

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8
Q

What are the cells called that are in contact with the lumen and BM?

A

Apical

Basal

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9
Q

What is the effect of a thicker epithelium?

A

The greater the protection from abrasion, infection or caustic content

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10
Q

What epithelium is found in blood vessels?

A

Simple squamous

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11
Q

What epithelium is found in kidney tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal

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12
Q

What epithelium is found in the GI tract?

A

Simple columnar

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13
Q

What epithelium is found in the skin?

A

Stratified squamous

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14
Q

What epithelium is found in the reproductive system?

A

Stratified cuboidal

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15
Q

What epithelium is found in the respiratory system?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

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16
Q

What epithelium is found in the bladder?

A

Transitional

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17
Q

What does a single layer of flattened epithelium allow?

A

Exchange of gases, nutrients

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18
Q

What does a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium allow?

A

Transport system and ciliated surfaces

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19
Q

What does multiple layers of a flattened epithelium allow?

A

A protective barrier

20
Q

What does one or many layers of columnar epithelium allow?

A

Secretory function

21
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer flattened cells

Individual cells are very thin with a central nucleus

Irregular shape

Close proximity to each other

22
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Lining of body cavities

23
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Lining of small intestines

24
Q

What three levels of folding are there in the small intestines?

A

Large folds to the naked eye

Microscopic villi covered by a SCE

Microvilli modifications of the apical surface of the epithelial cells

25
Q

What does simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine allow?

A

Increase in surface area for absorption

Mucus secretion to lubricate gut contents

26
Q

What are the three surface modifications of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Mucus adheres to the brush border created by several hundred microvilli

Goblet cells release mucus to lubricate gut contents

BM stops epithelium joining to other tissues

27
Q

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

A

In the respiratory tract

28
Q

Describe the structure of pseudostratified epithelium

A

All the cells adhere to the BM but because of the length and shape of the individual cells, it makes it seem like it has multiple layers

29
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Oesophagus, vagina, anal canal

30
Q

What is desquamation?

A

Flattened cells that are worn off and are shed from the surface

31
Q

What effect does stratified squamous keratinised epithelium have?

A

Resists water loss

32
Q

Where is stratified squamous keratinised epithelium found?

A

Skin

33
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

The bladder

34
Q

What feature allows transitional epithelium to stop leakage?

A

High numbers of tight junctions

35
Q

What are the different points of adherence?

A

Tight junctions

Desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

Gap junctions

36
Q

What are the different membrane proteins associated with the tight junctions?

A

Claudin and occludin

37
Q

What type of junctions are cell-cell?

A

Gap

Tight

Adhering

Desmosome

38
Q

What type of junctions are cell-matrix?

A

Hemi-desmosome

Focal adhesion

39
Q

What protein are associated with hemi-desmosome?

A

Membrane- integrin

Cytoskeleton- Keratin

Extracellular matrix- laminin

40
Q

What are the different ways molecule can pass through the epithelium layer?

A

Trans cellular movement

Paracellular movement

41
Q

Two examples of trans cellular movement?

A

Absorption

Secretion

42
Q

Example of paracellular movement

A

Diffusion

43
Q

What are sealing strands?

A

Multiple layers of claudin and occludin creating a better barrier

44
Q

What increases with an increase of number of sealing strands?

A

Resistance

45
Q

What are the different functions of tight junctions?

A

Barriers

Fences- maintain the asymmetric distribution if lipids and proteins in the apical and basal membranes

Gates- selective movement

MD2001 Week 2 (7 decks)

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