primary succession pack 6

Question 1

abiotic conditions of pioneer phase

Answer 1

harsh conditions, bare ground

Question 2

biotic conditions pioneer phase

Answer 2

lichen, moss, algae (if in water), some insects / vertebrate species

Question 3

species richness of pioneer species

Answer 3

lower (small number of species/niches)

Question 4

abiotic conditions of developmental phase 2

Answer 4

further development of soil -> more water, mineral ions and organic content, further stabilisation of soil

Question 5

biotic conditions of developmental phase 2

Answer 5

taller pants -> longer rooted plants, shrubs, bushes out competition of shallow rooted plants, large number of insects, species and herbivores, secondary consumers can be present, tree saplings may start to grow

Question 6

species richness developmental phase 2

Answer 6

start to have greater species richness -> greater number of plant species can grow, higher number of niches

Question 7

abiotic conditions of developmental phase 1

Answer 7

more soil so more organic matter and rock, more natural ion content so organic matter builds up, rock fragments, stabilised sand, more water retained, high exposure to soil

Question 8

biotic conditions of developmental phase 1

Answer 8

shrubs, smaller plants, plant species die and add organic matter to make soil, shallow rooted plants, out competition of pioneer species, soil microbiome develops, some insect and some vertebrate species

Question 9

species richness of developmental phase 1

Answer 9

increases, small species richness and small number of niches

Question 10

abiotic conditions of climax community

Answer 10

fully developed soil, lots of organic material content, good soil moisture content, higher mineral ion content, lower wind, shade- low light intensity on the ground

Question 11

biotic conditions of climax community

Answer 11

trees, put compete of shrub/ bushes, ground woodland species start to grow in immature woodland, balance between species

Question 12

species richness of climax community

Answer 12

large species richness, large number of lichens, high biodiversity- lower of dominant species present