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Boards > Primary Prevention/Promotion/Immunization > Flashcards

Primary Prevention/Promotion/Immunization Flashcards

1
Q

primary prevention

A

preventing health problems
immunizations
counseling
disease prevention

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2
Q

secondary prevention

A 
"looking for trouble"
detecting disease early on
screening tests
blood draws
bp check
mammography
colonscopy
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3
Q

tertiary prevention

A

minimizing disease outcomes

adjusting medication dose

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4
Q

Tap water temp

A

Set water heater < 120 degrees

will take 5 minutes for third degree burn to occur

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5
Q

Community (herd) immunity

A

A sufficient portion of a population is immune to an infectious disease to make its spread from person to person unlikely.

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6
Q

Vaccine

A

a product that produces immunity

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7
Q

Immunization

A

process by which a person becomes protected against a disease via a vaccine. AKA inoculation.

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8
Q

Active Immunity

A

resistance developed in response to an intigen and characterized by presence of an antibody

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9
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Immunity by an antibody produced in another host
Infant to mother
Antiserum or immune globulin administration.

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10
Q

Onset and Duration of active immunity

A

onset: 1 month
duration: years or lifelong

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11
Q

Onset and Duration of passive immunity

A

onset: within hours
duration: time limited (6-9 months)

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12
Q

Only hold immunization if

A

life-threatening illness

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13
Q

Neomycin allergy avoid which vaccines

A

IPV (polio)
MMR
varicella

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14
Q

“mycin” allergy avoid which vaccines

A

IPV

vaccinia (small pox)

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15
Q

Bakers yeast allergy avoid which vaccines

A

Hep B

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16
Q

Gelatin or neomycin allergy avoid which vaccines

A

varicella zoster

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17
Q

Gelatin allergy avoid

A

MMR

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18
Q

What occurs in the body with an anaphylactic reaction

A

sudden systemic release of mediators from mast cells and basophils

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19
Q

2 most common s/s with anaphylaxis

A

urticaria

angioedema

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20
Q

Other s/s of anaphylaxis

A 
flush
airway edema
dyspnea
dizziness/syncope
hypotension
GI symptoms
HA
substernal pain
itch without rash
seizure
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21
Q

Tx of anaphylaxis

A 
Epi IM if possible ( rpt in 5 min if symptoms persist)
Antihistamine
Airway maintenance
IV fluids
corticosteroids
watch for biphasic reaction
epi pen
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22
Q

Which wound presents greatest risk for tetanus

A

the deeper the wound

2cm wound obtained while gardening

23
Q

What types of pathogens does pneumococcal vaccine cover

A

pneumococcal or strep pneumonia

can be given during antimicrobial therapy

24
Q

Common reactions with pneumococcal vaccine

A

pain and redness
fever/myalgia: more common in the conjugated (Prevnar) vaccine in children than the polysaccharide (Pneumovax) given to adults

25
Q

Who is Flumist appropriate for

A

ages 2-49

NOT airway disease

26
Q

Immune globulin is a solution of antibodies derived from

A

donated blood

caution Jahovah witness

27
Q

Quadrivalent (Guardacille) in men

A

3 shot dose series given ages 9-26

28
Q

components of Tdap

A

tetanus
diphtheria
acellular pertussis

29
Q

tuberculine skin test

A

purified protein derivative is the solution applied (PPD)

should be delayed for 1 month if MMR given day before you want to do a TB test. Can be done the same day.

30
Q

Live virus vaccines

A 
MMR
Varicella
FluMist
Zoster (small pox)
Rotavirus
31
Q

Caution with live virus vaccines

A

pregnant
immune suppression
DO give to HIV because of risk of becoming ill
Rotavirus harmless in poop.

32
Q

Who should get flu vaccine

A

anyone 6 months and older

33
Q

High risk for influenza

A 
children
those with asthma, cardiac disease, DM
those with immunosupression
pregnant
long term aspirin therapy
obesity
American natives/alaskan natives
34
Q

When getting flu shot for the first time

A

should receive a second dose >4 weeks apart.

35
Q

influenza vaccine names

A

Trivalent (typical shot): covers 3 strains
Quadrivalent: for those over 6 months and covers 4 strains
Inactivated TIV: greater dose of antigen 60mcg for those over 65
Recombinant hemagglutinin (RIV): egg free vaccine

36
Q

If egg allergic give

A

LAIV (Flumist) or RIV

administer if setting and observe for 30 minutes

37
Q

reaction to anthrax vaccine

A 
myalgia
HA
fatigue
chills
nausea
38
Q

DTap reaction

A

fatigue
poor appetite
GI upset

39
Q

Haemophilus influenza (HIB) reaction

A

fever

40
Q

Hep A reaction

A

HA

poor appetite

41
Q

Hep B reaction

A

mild fever

42
Q

inactivated polio virus (IPV) reaction

A

aches

mild fever

43
Q

live, uttenuated virus influenza (FluMist) reaction

A 
nasal congestion and discharge
HA
harmless virus shed from nose for 3-10 days
fever
vomiting
abdominal pain
myalgias
44
Q

MMR reaction

A

fever
arthralgia
rash
lymphadenpathy

45
Q

Meningococcus reaction

A

fever

46
Q

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar) reaction

A

fussiness
loss of appetite
24-48 hours in duration

47
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine reaction

A

fever

myalgia

48
Q

Quadrivalent HPV reaction

A

body aches
mild fever
HA

49
Q

Rotavirus reaction

A

GI upset

50
Q

Smallpox reaction

A 
weeping lesion containing the live virus
fatigue
HA
myalgia
lymphadenopathy
pruritus
viral shedding occurs until scab from injection separates from skin (2-3 weeks) 
transmission can occur
51
Q

Varicella reaction

A

fever

mild rash up to 1 month

52
Q

Zoster reaction

A

HA

53
Q

HPV vaccine dosing

A

3 doses given
second shot 1-2 months after 1st dose
third shot 6 months after 1st dose
Can start at 9

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