Primary Prevention/Promotion/Immunization Flashcards

1
Q

primary prevention

A

preventing health problems
immunizations
counseling
disease prevention

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2
Q

secondary prevention

A
"looking for trouble"
detecting disease early on
screening tests
blood draws
bp check
mammography
colonscopy
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3
Q

tertiary prevention

A

minimizing disease outcomes

adjusting medication dose

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4
Q

Tap water temp

A

Set water heater < 120 degrees

will take 5 minutes for third degree burn to occur

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5
Q

Community (herd) immunity

A

A sufficient portion of a population is immune to an infectious disease to make its spread from person to person unlikely.

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6
Q

Vaccine

A

a product that produces immunity

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7
Q

Immunization

A

process by which a person becomes protected against a disease via a vaccine. AKA inoculation.

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8
Q

Active Immunity

A

resistance developed in response to an intigen and characterized by presence of an antibody

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9
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Immunity by an antibody produced in another host
Infant to mother
Antiserum or immune globulin administration.

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10
Q

Onset and Duration of active immunity

A

onset: 1 month
duration: years or lifelong

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11
Q

Onset and Duration of passive immunity

A

onset: within hours
duration: time limited (6-9 months)

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12
Q

Only hold immunization if

A

life-threatening illness

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13
Q

Neomycin allergy avoid which vaccines

A

IPV (polio)
MMR
varicella

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14
Q

“mycin” allergy avoid which vaccines

A

IPV

vaccinia (small pox)

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15
Q

Bakers yeast allergy avoid which vaccines

A

Hep B

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16
Q

Gelatin or neomycin allergy avoid which vaccines

A

varicella zoster

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17
Q

Gelatin allergy avoid

A

MMR

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18
Q

What occurs in the body with an anaphylactic reaction

A

sudden systemic release of mediators from mast cells and basophils

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19
Q

2 most common s/s with anaphylaxis

A

urticaria

angioedema

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20
Q

Other s/s of anaphylaxis

A
flush
airway edema
dyspnea
dizziness/syncope
hypotension
GI symptoms
HA
substernal pain
itch without rash
seizure
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21
Q

Tx of anaphylaxis

A
Epi IM if possible ( rpt in 5 min if symptoms persist)
Antihistamine
Airway maintenance
IV fluids
corticosteroids
watch for biphasic reaction
epi pen
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22
Q

Which wound presents greatest risk for tetanus

A

the deeper the wound

2cm wound obtained while gardening

23
Q

What types of pathogens does pneumococcal vaccine cover

A

pneumococcal or strep pneumonia

can be given during antimicrobial therapy

24
Q

Common reactions with pneumococcal vaccine

A

pain and redness
fever/myalgia: more common in the conjugated (Prevnar) vaccine in children than the polysaccharide (Pneumovax) given to adults

25
Who is Flumist appropriate for
ages 2-49 | NOT airway disease
26
Immune globulin is a solution of antibodies derived from
donated blood | caution Jahovah witness
27
Quadrivalent (Guardacille) in men
3 shot dose series given ages 9-26
28
components of Tdap
tetanus diphtheria acellular pertussis
29
tuberculine skin test
purified protein derivative is the solution applied (PPD) | should be delayed for 1 month if MMR given day before you want to do a TB test. Can be done the same day.
30
Live virus vaccines
``` MMR Varicella FluMist Zoster (small pox) Rotavirus ```
31
Caution with live virus vaccines
pregnant immune suppression DO give to HIV because of risk of becoming ill Rotavirus harmless in poop.
32
Who should get flu vaccine
anyone 6 months and older
33
High risk for influenza
``` children those with asthma, cardiac disease, DM those with immunosupression pregnant long term aspirin therapy obesity American natives/alaskan natives ```
34
When getting flu shot for the first time
should receive a second dose >4 weeks apart.
35
influenza vaccine names
Trivalent (typical shot): covers 3 strains Quadrivalent: for those over 6 months and covers 4 strains Inactivated TIV: greater dose of antigen 60mcg for those over 65 Recombinant hemagglutinin (RIV): egg free vaccine
36
If egg allergic give
LAIV (Flumist) or RIV | administer if setting and observe for 30 minutes
37
reaction to anthrax vaccine
``` myalgia HA fatigue chills nausea ```
38
DTap reaction
fatigue poor appetite GI upset
39
Haemophilus influenza (HIB) reaction
fever
40
Hep A reaction
HA | poor appetite
41
Hep B reaction
mild fever
42
inactivated polio virus (IPV) reaction
aches | mild fever
43
live, uttenuated virus influenza (FluMist) reaction
``` nasal congestion and discharge HA harmless virus shed from nose for 3-10 days fever vomiting abdominal pain myalgias ```
44
MMR reaction
fever arthralgia rash lymphadenpathy
45
Meningococcus reaction
fever
46
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar) reaction
fussiness loss of appetite 24-48 hours in duration
47
Pneumococcal vaccine reaction
fever | myalgia
48
Quadrivalent HPV reaction
body aches mild fever HA
49
Rotavirus reaction
GI upset
50
Smallpox reaction
``` weeping lesion containing the live virus fatigue HA myalgia lymphadenopathy pruritus viral shedding occurs until scab from injection separates from skin (2-3 weeks) transmission can occur ```
51
Varicella reaction
fever | mild rash up to 1 month
52
Zoster reaction
HA
53
HPV vaccine dosing
3 doses given second shot 1-2 months after 1st dose third shot 6 months after 1st dose Can start at 9