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GU/GYN Flashcards

1
Q

How many Tanner stages of development

A

5

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2
Q

Tanner stage 1

A

pre-puberty

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3
Q

Tanner stage 2

A 
testes inlarge
hair growth at base of penis
scrotal reddening
breast buds
pubic hair along labia
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4
Q

Tanner stage 3

A

onset of growth spirt
increase in penile length
pubic hair gets darker
breast enlargement

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5
Q

Tanner stage 4

A

peak of growth
increase in penile width and development of glans
menarche
areola and papilla elevation

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6
Q

Tanner stage 5

A

look like adults

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7
Q

Normal vaginal findings

A

pH 3.8-4.2

lactobacilli

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8
Q

Vaginal findings with Candida vulvovaginitis

A

pH pseudohyphae
itching/burning
Tx with azole
clotrimazole creat

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9
Q

Vaginal findings with Bacterial vaginosis

A 
pH > 4.5
Thin grey adherent d/c
fishy odor
clue cells
itching/odor
Tx with metronitazole, flagyl, clinda or tindamax
oral, creams, gels as options
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10
Q

Vaginal findings with atrophic vaginitis

A 
pH > 5 
scant, white discharge
absent of odor
few lactobacilli
can have itching, burning
vaginal estrogen
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11
Q

Organism of genital herpes

A

Human herpes visurs 2 or herpes simple type 2

simplex 1 can also be present

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12
Q

clinical findings with genital herpes

A

can be asymptomatic
painful ulcerated lesion
marked lymphadenopathy

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13
Q

Tx for genital herpes

A

acyclovir
famciclovir
valcyclovir

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14
Q

organism of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis (Chlamydia)

A

chlamydia trachomatis
ureaplasma
mycoplasma

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15
Q

clinical findings with nongonococcal urethritis

A

irritative voiding
mucopurulent d/c
cervicitis
large WBCs under microscope

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16
Q

Tx nongonococcal urethritis

A

azithro 1g PO x1
doxy
erthro
lebofloxacin

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17
Q

organism of gonococcal urethritis and vaginitis

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

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18
Q

clinical findings with gonococcal urethritis

A

irritative voiding
purulent d/c
gram negative

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19
Q

Tx gonococcal urethritis

A

ceftriaxone IM x 1 plus azithro x1 or doxy x7 days

cefixime 1x dose if option #1 not available

azithro 2g single dose with severe beta-lactam allergy

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20
Q

organism of trichomoniasis

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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21
Q

clinical findings with trich

A 
dysuria
itching
vulvovaginal irritation
yellow/green discharge
strawberry spots on cervix
alkaline pH
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22
Q

Tx of Trich

A

metronidazole 1 dose

no alcohol for 24 hours

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23
Q

organism of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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24
Q

clinical findings of syphilis

A

primary: chancre, painless ulcers lasting about 3 weeks and resolve without tx
secondary: nonpruritic skin rash on palms and soles. fever sore throat, hair loss, muscle ache.

latent

25
Q

Tx syphilis

A

antimicrobial therapy
PCN
Doxy

26
Q

organism of genital warts

A

human papillomavirus

HPV

27
Q

clinical findings with genital warts

A

verruca-form lesions

put white vinegar and water on. It will blanch if warts

28
Q

Tx genital warts

A

trichloroacetic acid or cryo with pregnancy

podophyllin resin
imiquimod

29
Q

organism of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

N gonorrhoeae
C. trachomatis
bacteroides
enterobacteriacae

30
Q

clinical symptoms of PID

A 
irritative voiding
fever
abdominal pain
cervical motion tenderness
increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
31
Q

Tx PID

A

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x 1 with doxy 100 BID x14 days

with or without metronidazole 500 BID x 14

32
Q

Genital Candida albicans in men presents with

A

balanitis or inflammation of glands
groin fold involvement
scrotal excoriation

NO discharge

33
Q

Tx of genital candidiasis in a man

A

topical or oral antifungals

you should consider HIV or DM if recurrent

34
Q

What is the pathogen of an acute uncomplicated UTI

A

E coli (gram neg)
S. saprophyticus (gram pos)
Enterococci (gram pos)

35
Q

Tx of uncomplicated UTI

A

TMP/SMX Bactrum BID x3 days
nitrofuratoin (macrobid) 100 BID x 5 days
fosfomycin 3g x1
Cipro 250, 500 BID x 3 days

NO gemifloxacin or moxifloxacin

36
Q

Pathogen of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

e coli
enterococci
get urine and blood cultures

37
Q

Tx phyeo

A

Cipro 500 BID x 7 days
Levoflaxacin 250 X 5
Amox-clavulanate, bactrum x 14 days

38
Q

classic signs of pyelo

A

women 18-40
fever
CVA tenderness

39
Q

What is epididymo-orchitis and what is the causative organism in a male < 35

A

an upper reproductive tract infection with inflammation of testis/epididymis

N. gonorrhoeae
C. trachomatis

40
Q

What is the causative organism for epididymo- orchitis in a male > 35

A

enterobacteriaceae (coliforms)

41
Q

Clinical presentation of epididymo- orchitis

A

irritative voiding
fever
painful swelling of qpididymis and scrotum
possible infertility following infection

42
Q

Tx epididymo- orchitis

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 250 IM plus doxy 100 BID x 10
Cipro 500
Levofloxacin
scrotal elevation: if relief this = prehn’s sign

43
Q

Causative organism of acute bacterial prostatitis

A

N. gonorrhoeae in younger
C. trachomatis in younger

enterobacteriaceae (coliforms) in those with low risk STD

44
Q

clinical presentation of bacterial prostatitis

A 
irritative voiding
suprapubic perineal pain
fever
tender/boggy prostate (Chandellear sign)
leukocytosis
45
Q

Tx bacterial prostatitis

A

ceftriaxone 250 IM plus doxy x 10 days
cipro
ofloxacin

46
Q

What is consistant with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

A

obliterated median sulcus
size 2.5cm or >
present in 50% men 50-59 and 80% age 70-79

47
Q

Prostate exam of cancer

A

nodule, non-tender

48
Q

Urge incontinence

A

strong sensation of needing to void

49
Q

Stress incontinence

A

associated with lifting

50
Q

functional incontinence

A

occurs in presence of mobility problems

51
Q

Transient incontinence

A

during an acute illness

52
Q

Hydrocele

A

collection of serous fluid that causes painless scrotal swelling

recognized by transillumination

53
Q

Varicocele

A

nest of worms evident in standing position

54
Q

Testicular torsion

A

scrotal pain and loss of cremasteric reflex

55
Q

Phimosis

A

the foreskin can not be pulled back to expose the glans

56
Q

Paraphimosis

A

retracted foreskin that can not be brought forward to cover the glans

57
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

testicle in inguinal canal or abdomen

58
Q

What has the greatest risk for contracting HIV

A

receptive anal intercourse

59
Q

How to test for HIV

A

rapid
western blot
very accurate

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