Primary Prevention Flashcards
What is primary prevention?
Promoting and maintaining good health to prevent disease or injury before it occurs.
How does the medical model use prevention?
Focuses on the determinants of health to focus on a specific disease and target the risk group by reducing risk factors.
How does the positive holistic model use promotion?
Focuses on general health for wider benefits that affect the whole population.
What is the aim of promotion?
To enable people to increase control over and improve their health.
What are the 3 approaches to health promotion?
Medical - Targets INDIVIDUALS via surgical or medical therapy e.g. CVD, mental health
Behavioural - Targets high risk individuals and populations via health EDUCATION and POLICIES from the public health and government. e.g. Smoking, diet
Socio-environmental - Targets COMMUNITIES and its conditions via community development and political action e.g. Poverty, pollution
What effect does promotion have at an individual level?
Large benefit for those at risk, little population effect
What effect does promotion have at a population level?
Small changes at an individual level but large population effects
How does behavioural change therapy targeted individuals?
Change their view on perceptions of threat and benefits, alter their readiness to change, change their view on attitudes and norms and increase awareness.
Targets interpersonal level to alter view on expectation, self-efficacy and capability.
How does behavioural change therapy affect communities?
By empowering and spreading new ideas.
How does health communication promote health?
Positively influence through TV, advertisements, food labelling, leaflets
How does health education promote health?
Educate on the management of a condition, schools, community support. Not always sufficient to promote a change. e.g. Screening checks, diet, exercise
How does self help / mutual aid promote health?
People who share common experiences can support each other e.g. AA, rehabilitation
Give an example of community development that helps promote health.
Vaccinations, screening
How does organisational change promote health?
Creates a supportive environment to enable people to make healthier choices e.g. healthy eating, smoking ban, workplace exercise scheme
What policies/legislations promote health?
It is a plan of action to guide adherence and is enforced by law. May be viewed as controversial due to lack of freedom. e.g. Healthy school dinners, smoking ban, tax on unhealthy food
