Primary metabolites 2 - exploiting commercially Flashcards
what is the shorthand formula for the precursor for eciosanoids that M alpina produces
20:4 n-6
what did they take from M alpina and what organism did they express it in to create the ecosanoid precursor
took gene associated with delta 12, put it into S cerevisiae to express the rprecursor
if you knock out the delta 12 gene, what other fatty acids do you also lose
n3 and n6 families
what three things must an organism be/do to be used un biotechnology
safe - GRAS
grow on cheap medium
produce high yield
name 3 organic acids that are primary metabolites and what are they used for
citric acid
lactic acid
succinic acid
put in infants milk supplements
in what process are the organic acids made
in the krebs cycle
what organism is used to produce citric acid and why
Aspergillus niger
produces it from the krebs cycle - does it well and somehow it accumulates - they are not sure why
name 1 thing needed for production of citric acid
and 1 thing that helps
really acidic environment - low pH of 2
amonium helps inhibit an earlier step in the pathway
Name two amino acids produced in the krebs cycle
glutamic acid
lysine
what is glutamic acid used for in food and what/how is it made
MSG - monosodium glutamate - food additive/ flavour enhancer
a bacterium used - its core to their growth - central metabolism
how to exoenzymes and endoenzymes work
excreted by microorganisms - work outside the cell
take in substrate then uses enzymes to break it down inside the cell - intracellular
what do proteases do
an enzyme, main group used commercially, break down proteins into amino acids and oligoacids
what do amylases do
break down starch - hydrolyses starch into sugars
what enzyme breaks down fats into and into what
lipase
fatty acids and gycerol
what are the three types of ways to grow/harvest microorganisms
batch culture
fed-batch culture
continous
