General

Question 1

what do the colours red, green, white and blue signify in biotechnology

Answer 1

red - medical
green - agriculture/food
white - industrial
blue - aquatic

Question 2

what type of cell is bacteria

Answer 2

prokaryote

Question 3

name the eukaryotes

Answer 3

yeast, fungi, filamentous algae

Question 4

what is a biofilm

Answer 4

a group of micro organisms that stick together, and stick to a surface creating a slimy extracellular martix

Question 5

what is the name of the yeast used in bread and alcohol

Answer 5

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 6

what is the cell wall made out of in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 6

prokaryotes - peptidoglycan

eukaryotes - chitin, protein, glucans

Question 7

which cells are smaller and contain 1 chromosome

Answer 7

prokaryotes

Question 8

which cells contain mitochondria and a nuclear membrane

Answer 8

eukaryotes

Question 9

what are the two main things/ways microorganisms can be used

Answer 9

for their biomass

for their metabolites

Question 10

what are the two types of metabolites

Answer 10

primary and secondary metabolism

Question 11

what are primary metabolites with examples

Answer 11

things that the organism needs for growth

amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids

Question 12

what are secondary metabolites and examples

Answer 12

produced when an organism has stopped growing

antibiotics

Question 13

what is metabolism

Answer 13

the sum of catabolic and anabolic activities

Question 14

what is catabolic

Answer 14

the breakdown of things eg breaking down of glucose to ATP

energy yielding - ‘break down bc cats are so cute’

Question 15

what is anabolic

Answer 15

making things - its energy requiring eg the synthesis of proteins/macro nutrients

Question 16

what is tropophase

Answer 16

phase of growth where primary metabolism occurs ‘trophy - comes first - hes growing - primary’

Question 17

what is Idiophase

Answer 17

absence of growth - when secondary metabolism occurs

‘idiot he’s absent he comes second’

Question 18

what are three aims of biotechnology

Answer 18

to improve yield
reduce contaminants
introduce new metabolic capacity

Question 19

two general approaches to biotechnology

Answer 19

mutagenesis and screening

recombinant DNA approaches to create specific changes

Question 20

what is a transversion mutation

transition

Answer 20

purine to a prymidine

purine to a purine

Question 21

what are the purine/pyrimadine bases

Answer 21

purines - AG

prymadines - TC

Question 22

what are the base pairs

Answer 22

AT GC

‘at george creen’

Question 23

what can cause spontaneous mutations

Answer 23

UV, X-rays

Question 24

What mutation does UV cause

Answer 24

pyrimidine dimers

Question 25

what is said to cause/be a biological mutation

Answer 25

using transposons