General Flashcards
what do the colours red, green, white and blue signify in biotechnology
red - medical
green - agriculture/food
white - industrial
blue - aquatic
what type of cell is bacteria
prokaryote
name the eukaryotes
yeast, fungi, filamentous algae
what is a biofilm
a group of micro organisms that stick together, and stick to a surface creating a slimy extracellular martix
what is the name of the yeast used in bread and alcohol
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
what is the cell wall made out of in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
prokaryotes - peptidoglycan
eukaryotes - chitin, protein, glucans
which cells are smaller and contain 1 chromosome
prokaryotes
which cells contain mitochondria and a nuclear membrane
eukaryotes
what are the two main things/ways microorganisms can be used
for their biomass
for their metabolites
what are the two types of metabolites
primary and secondary metabolism
what are primary metabolites with examples
things that the organism needs for growth
amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids
what are secondary metabolites and examples
produced when an organism has stopped growing
antibiotics
what is metabolism
the sum of catabolic and anabolic activities
what is catabolic
the breakdown of things eg breaking down of glucose to ATP
energy yielding - ‘break down bc cats are so cute’
what is anabolic
making things - its energy requiring eg the synthesis of proteins/macro nutrients
what is tropophase
phase of growth where primary metabolism occurs ‘trophy - comes first - hes growing - primary’
what is Idiophase
absence of growth - when secondary metabolism occurs
‘idiot he’s absent he comes second’
what are three aims of biotechnology
to improve yield
reduce contaminants
introduce new metabolic capacity
two general approaches to biotechnology
mutagenesis and screening
recombinant DNA approaches to create specific changes
what is a transversion mutation
transition
purine to a prymidine
purine to a purine
what are the purine/pyrimadine bases
purines - AG
prymadines - TC
what are the base pairs
AT GC
‘at george creen’
what can cause spontaneous mutations
UV, X-rays
What mutation does UV cause
pyrimidine dimers
what is said to cause/be a biological mutation
using transposons
