Primary Hemostasis Flashcards
vasoconstriction is mediated by:
serotonin (platelets) thromboxane A2 (endothelial cells)
this is the first response to injured vessels
vasoconstriction
this is the property of adhering to other particles, surfaces and occasional bacteria
platelet adhesion
this attaches to GP1B
von Willebrand factor (factor VIII:R)
when activated, platelets assume this shape
discoid to spherical
factors released by damaged endothelium
"FCVAT" collagen fibronectin VWF thrombin ADP
these are the DENSE granules
CAPAS calcium ADP pyrophosphate ATP serotonin
platelet secretions that promote coagulation
"HM? 158" HMWK fibrinogen factor V factor VIII
plate let secretions that promote aggregation
"PACT" platelet factor 4 ADP calcium thrombospondin
platelet secretions that promote vasoconstriction
serotonin
thromboxane A2
platelet secretion that promotes vascular repair
plate derived growth factor
B-thromboglobulin
platelet secretion that is the precursor of plasmin
plasminogen
platelet secretion that inhibits plasmin
alpha-2-antiplasmin
platelet secretion that inhibits the complement system
C1 esterase inhibitor
constituents that promote platelet aggregation or agglutination
"TEARR" thrombin epinephrine ADP reptilase ristocetin
receptor to fibrinogen
GPIIb-GPIIIa
end result is the formation of fibrin clot
secondary hemostasis
normal platelet count
150,000 to 440,000/mm3
platelet structure that consists the peripheral zone of the platelet
glycocalyx
receptor of thrombin
GPVa
platelet ultrastructure that consists of microtubules and microfilaments
sol-gel zone
responsible for the circumference of the cell
microtubules
responsible for clot retraction
thrombosthenin AKA actomysin
responsible for the direct communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments
open canalicular system
this is the site of arachidonic acid metabolism and calcium sequestering pump
dense tubular system
process of nuclear splitting without cytoplasmic division
endomitosis
nucleus is horse shoe shaped
promegakaryoblast
largest cell in the bone marrow
megakaryocyte
1 mature megakaryocyte can yield:
2,000 to 7,000 platelets
normal platelet size
2-3u
maturation time of platelets (MATURATION= BONE MARROW)
5 days
number of megakaryocytes contained in a normal marrow
15 million (5-10 megakaryoctes/ LPF)
normal life span of platelets (LIFE SPAN=CIRCULATION)
8-10 days
division of the entire population of platelets
1/3 in the spleen
2/3 in the circulation
splenomegaly would cause:
decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
splenectomy would cause:
increased platelet count (thrombocytosis)
rebound thromboCYTOPENIA occurs after:
platelet transfusion
rebound thromboCYTOSIS occurs after:
platelet depletion
platelet count in thrombocytopenia
<100,000 platelets/mm3
consequence of excessive deposition of platelet aggregates in renal and cerebral vessels, deficiency in platelet aggregating factor inhibitor
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
platelet count of a patient with ACUTE IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
<20,000/mm3
platelet count of a patient with CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
30,000 to 80,000/mm3
drugs that may induce idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
quinidine
heparin
platelet count in thrombocytosis
> 450,000/mm3
disorder in GPIIb or GPIIIa and a defect in platelet aggregation
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
defect in GPIb/IX complex and a defect in platelet adhesion
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
disease that prevents the binding of platelets to the endothelium and a defect in platelet adhesion
von Willebrand disease
platelet disorder with a normal platelet count
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
platelet disorder with an increased mean platelet volume
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
disorders that FAIL to have a NORMAL AGGREGATION PATTERN but a NORMAL RISTOCETIN
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
disorders that FAIL to have a NORMAL RISTOCETIN but a NORMAL AGGREGATION PATTERN
von Willebrand disease
disease characterised by decreased numbers in dense granules and has mutation in HPS1 gene
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
most definite diagnosis for Hemansky-Pudlak syndrome
electron microscope
disease characterised by LYST gene
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
disease characterised by mutation in WASP gene
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
disease characterized by marked decrease or absence of alpha granules
Grey platelet syndrome
classified as consumption coagulopathy due to depostion of large amounts of fibrin throughout the microcirculation
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
DIC caused by the extrinsic system is stimulated by:
tissue factor
DIC caused by the intrinsic system is stimulated by
collagen
disease characterized by abnormal collagen production resulting to defective basement membrane structure
Ehler-Danlos syndrome/ Marfan’s syndrome
disease characterzed by progeressive calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibers of the skin
pseudoxanthoma elasticum
most common hereditary alterations of vessel wall syndrome that causes blood vessels to become fragile, and thin
hemorrhagic telangietasia
disease characterized by a blood vessel tumor
congenital hemagiomata
disease characterized by defective collagen synthesis due to deficiency in VItamin C
scurvy
characterized by localized purple lesions or small bruises developing on the extremities of older persons
senile purpura
autoimmune vascular purpura with gastrointestinal involvement
Henoch’s purpura
autoimmune vascular purpura without gastrointestinal involvement
Schonlein purpura
