Primary Data and Questionnaire Flashcards
What is primary data?
Bradley, 2013
- Fresh data that is collected to satisfy specific requirements
How can primary data be divided?
Quantitative, Qualitative
Compare and contrast traditional and online research methods:
Bradley 2013
- Traditional can reach most populations | Online is restricted
- Costs increase with sample size | Large samples cost the same as small
- Usually only in the day | Can be done at any time online
- Traditional has more control | Online less control
- Traditional more likely to reveal identify | Harder to verify identity online
- Data transfer delay with traditional | Immediate data transfer online
What is a multi-methods data collection technique?
Using more than one data method in collection of data
What is a mixed methods data collection technique?
Using both a qualitative and quantitative data method in the collection of one data piece
What is some guidance for the use of questionnaires in data collection?
- The flow and layout
- Pilot testing
- Cover letters for those self-completing it
- Incentives?
What is a questionnaire?
Bradley, 2013
- Formalized set of questions that obtain information from respondents
How many key functions are there of a questionnaire?
6
What are they key functions of a questionnaire?
- Translates objectives into questions
- Standardises questions
- Creates flow
- Creates a record
- Speeds up analysis
- Allows for reliability assessment
How many stages are there of questionnaire formulation?
3
What are the stages of the questionnaire formulation
- Pre-construction: Determine objectives, respondent characteristics, decide on a data collection method
- Questionnaire Construction: Question format, number of choices per question, client approval
- Post-Construction: Pre-test, revise questionnaire, administor
What are some of the barriers to cooperation in terms of questionnaires?
- Private matters
- Respondents are unable to communicate the answers they want to
- Don’t know the answer
Talk about how the questions should be ordered briefly:
- Introduce the topic
- Keep interest levels high
- Guide respondent through the questionnaire logicall
Go into depth about how the order of the questions should be determined
- Opening questions should be interesting, simple and NON-threatening
- Obtain basic information
- Difficult/sensitive questions should be asked as late as possible
What are the types of question that can be used within a questionnaire?
- Unstructured: Open ended
- Structured: Closed, multiple choice, scale, dichotomous (divided into 2 clear sections), or ranking questions
What some things that should be avoided when designing questions?
- Complex language
- Non-specificness
- Leading questions
- Double negatives
- False presumptions
- Inappropriate handling of sensitive topics
- Overly long sentences
- Ambiguity
What is validity?
Does the study measure what you want it to measure?
What is external validity?
Can the results be generalised beyond the study?
What is response bias?
When people answer with socially desirable responsed
