Previous Questions

Question 1

what is uremia?

Answer 1

clinical manifestation of kidney failure

Question 2

what will be falsely elevated if urine is alkalotic?

Answer 2

proteins on dipsticks. because reagent strips are more sensitive for acetoacetate

Question 3

what does not cause pre-renal azotemia?

Answer 3

tubular disease

Question 4

is it normal to feel lymph nodes on a rectal exam?

Answer 4

no!

Question 5

what is made from muscle?

Answer 5

creatinine

Question 6

what is creatinine proportional to? (two things…)

Answer 6

muscle mass and GFR

Question 7

which GFR measurement is neighter secreted nor re-absorbed?

Answer 7

Creatinine

Question 8

what is normally seen on cat urine sediment?

Answer 8

fat

Question 9

when would you NOT see glucosuria?

Answer 9

diabetes inspidus

Question 10

there are things that can complicate some UTI’s. is hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s) one of them?

Answer 10

no; but HYPERadrenocorticism (Cushings) does

Question 11

how would you treat and monitor asymptomatic bacteriuria?

Answer 11

can be treated with a 1st line of defense abx

Question 12

how would you treat and montior simple urethrocystitis?

Answer 12

culture + abx for 10 - 14 days

Question 13

isosthenuria - what does it tell you?

Answer 13

not much, need more info

Question 14

what is the clinical signs of an UMN disease?

Answer 14

large, firm bladder

Question 15

what is the clinical signs of a LMN disease?

Answer 15

large, flaccid bladder

Question 16

what may transitional cells in a urine sample be indicative of?

Answer 16

traumatic catheterization

Question 17

you have a pet that presents with constant urine dribbling. what disease is this indicative of? and how would you treat?

Answer 17

detrussor atony and place an indwelling catheter for 2 - 5 days to help keep the bladder small.

Question 18

if you have a patient with urethral incontinence due to USMI, what two drug options are available to treat?

Answer 18

PPA - phenylpropanolamine (alpha agonist)

DES - diethylstilbestrol (increases alpha receptor sensitivity)

Question 19

9 MO FS dog, leaves puddles when she lies down, but otherwise urinates normally; problem began 2 months after spay. what is this due to?

Answer 19

USMI - hormone responsive incontinence

Question 20

if you have a case of urethrospasm post-catheterization. how would you treat?

Answer 20

internal sphincter relaxation = alpha antagonists: phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, tamusolin (dogs only)

external sphincter = somatic muscle relaxant: benzodiazepam - diazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, ace - note that all of these cause sedation

Question 21

in the case of physical obstruction, it is an __________!

Answer 21

emergency