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Reproductive System > Prevention & Treatment of Male Infertility > Flashcards

Prevention & Treatment of Male Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

[important attributes of history taking in evaluating male infertility] within the infertility history

A
  • duration of infertility
  • previous pregnancies and outcomes (primary vs secondary infertility)
  • partner’s fertility history
  • previous fertility investigation and treatment
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2
Q

[important attributes of history taking in evaluating male infertility] within the sexual history

A
  • libido
  • erectile dysfunction
  • ejaculatory dysfunction
  • type of lubricants
  • frequency & timing of coitus
  • STI
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3
Q

[important attributes of history taking in evaluating male infertility] within the surgical history

A
  • orchidoplexy
  • retroperitoneal or pelvic surgery
  • herniorrhaphy
  • vasectomy
  • bladder neck
  • prostate surgery
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4
Q

[important attributes of history taking in evaluating male infertility] within the family history

A
  • infertility
  • cystic fibrosis
  • androgen receptor deficiency
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5
Q

[important attributes of history taking in evaluating male infertility] within the medical history

A
  • cryptorchidism
  • timing of puberty
  • anosmia
  • history of testicular torsion
  • history of testicular trauma
  • diabetes
  • neurological conditions (SC injury, MS)
  • infections (urinary infections, epididymitis, prostatitis, tuberculosis, mumps orchitis, recent febrile illness)
  • renal disease
  • cancer
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6
Q

[important attributes of history taking in evaluating male infertility] within the gonadotoxin exposures

A
  • medications (endocrine modulators, antihypertensives, antibiotics, antipsychotics)
  • environmental (pesticides, heavy metals)
  • chemotherapy or radiotherapy
  • lifestyle (obesity, tobacco, vaping, recreational drugs, anabolic steroids)
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7
Q

define secondary sexual characteristics

A
  • physical features related to the sex of an organism
  • arise during puberty
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8
Q

important parts of physical examination when assessing male infertility

A
  • body habitus
  • secondary sexual characteristics
  • male genital examination
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9
Q

what can alternatively be performed for measurements other than male genital examination

A
  • testicular size and volume
  • testicular echogenicity and blood flow
  • assessment of varicoceles and epididymal anatomy
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10
Q

hormonal assessment for male infertility should include

A
  • follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • total testosterone (T)
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11
Q

in hormonal assessment, if total testosterone levels are low what is next step / investigation

A
  • conduct more thorough endocrine evaluation
  • including LH, prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, free T
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12
Q

[genetic assessment] genes are linked with male infertility phenotypes which result in what

A
  • male subfertility / infertility presentations
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13
Q

[genetic assessment] what can be used to test for chromosomal abnormalities (eg/ Klinefelter syndrome 47)

A

karyotyping

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14
Q

[genetic assessment] Y chromosomal microdeletion can be used for patients with what 2 conditions

A
  • azoospermia (no sperm)
  • severe oligospermia (low sperm numbers)
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15
Q

clinical management to treat
men with azoospermia

A
  • epididymal or testicular sperm retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injection
  • more successful in obstructive cases
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16
Q

clinical management of men with
varicocele

A
  • can be repaired thru surgical varicocele repair
  • only recommended in patients presenting w abnormal sperm parameters
17
Q

are there any direct medical treatments for male factor infertility

A

no
use of assisted reproductive technologies, surgical, lifestyle interventions

18
Q

idiopathic causes of male infertility can be treated with which
assisted reproductive technologies

A
  • in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
  • intracytoplasmic sperm injection
19
Q

acquired causes of male infertility can be treated with _______ _______ if there is an underlying medical issue such as ………….. (treatable)

A
  • ## treated with medical therapy
  • type II diabetes -> glucose modulation
  • hormone impairment -> selective oestrogen modulators / aromatase inhibitors
20
Q

idiopathic causes of male infertility can be treated with which
lifestyle modifications (reversible)

A
  • nutrition
  • light / moderate exercise
  • cessation of smoking
  • removal of environmental toxins

Reproductive System (21 decks)

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