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Reproductive System > Ovulation > Flashcards

Ovulation Flashcards

1
Q

what do oocytes develop within

A

ovarian follicles

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2
Q

describe folliculogenesis

A

growth and maturation of follicle and oocyte >1year

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3
Q

when do primordial follicles mature

A

sporadically on a daily basis from time of puberty onwards

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4
Q

how many follicles ovulate and what happens if they dont

A

most never ovulate
they die through atresia

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5
Q

describe atresia with follicles

A

hormonal feedback with maternal hormones
whereby a few follicles become dominant and survive
vast majority die

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6
Q

what are the endocrine sensing components of the ovarian follicle

A

granulosa cells
theca cells

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7
Q

folliculogenesis and ovulation are controlled by…

A

neuroendocrine feedback network

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8
Q

the pituitary gland produces _______ which controls folliculogenesis

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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9
Q

the pituitary gland produces _______ which controls ovulation

A

luteinising hormone (LH)

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10
Q

what acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate FSH and LH release

A

gonadotrophin releasing hormone GnRH from hypothalamus (brain)

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11
Q

what produces hormones that act back on pituitary gland to control FSH and LH release

A

maturing follicles in ovary

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12
Q

follicle growth promoted by ___ hormone

A

FSH

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13
Q

_____ & ______ produced as follicle grows

A

oestrogen and progesterone

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14
Q

oestrogen and progesterone produced as follicle grows acts on _____ & ____

A

uterine endometrium and pituitary

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15
Q

what does oestrogen acting on pituitary stimulate

A

LH surge

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16
Q

oestrogen and progesterone stimulate uterine endometrium to?

A

become receptive for implantation

17
Q

what does LH surge from pituitary trigger

A

ovulation at the mid cycle

18
Q

(response in ovary to LH surge) what do granulosa cells express & their relative function

A

LH receptor - to sense LH surge coming from pituitary

19
Q

(response in ovary to LH surge) in response to sensed LH surge from granulosa cells what happens

A

progesterone receptor gene is induced in granulosa - critical for ovulation

20
Q

what does LH induce expression of in granulosa cells

A

epidermal growth factor-ligands (Egf-L)

21
Q

function of Egf-L

A
  • act on cumulus cells
  • transmit ovulatory signal to cumulus cells that don’t express LH receptor
  • cumulus cells then respond by activating expression of extracellular matrix genes
    => undergo cumulus expansion (COC expansion) & activate oocyte meiotic maturation
22
Q

what else is important for cumulus response besides Egf-L

A

oocyte secreted factors
form cumulus oocyte complex

23
Q

describe cumulus oocyte complex (COC)

A
  • in response, specialised extracellular matrix synthesised around oocyte
  • production of extracellular matrix causes expansion of cumulus oocyte complex
24
Q

importance of cumulus oocyte complex (COC)

A
  • genes that comprise matrix are very important for ovulation
  • deletion of any genes involved in matrix will cause severe subfertility or infertility
25
Q

what is induction of progesterone receptor in granulosa cells important for

A

controls expression over 200 genes that mediate follicle rupture and release of the oocyte (COC)

26
Q

what can progesterone antagonists such as Ulopristal acetate do

A

block ovulation
- used in some emergency contraceptives

27
Q

how do epidermal like growth factors (EGF-L) activate oocyte meiotic maturation

A

causes changes in cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) in oocyte which lead to resumption of oocyte meiosis (releases inhibition on meiosis promoting factor)

28
Q

describe stages before and after oocyte meiosis resumption and the resulting products

A
  • meiosis arrested in prophase I from birth up until this point
  • resumes meiosis I arrests in meiosis II metaphase -> ready for fertilisation
  • from resumption of meiotic maturation, there’s extrusion of first polar body containing half of chromosomes
29
Q

describe one progesterone receptor dependent gene

A
  • protease gene for ADAMTS1
  • deletion of gene shown important for number of oocytes released and successful pregnancy rate
30
Q

COC carrying mature oocyte penetrates thru follicular apex and enters fallopian tube where can interact with _______ and _________ occurs

A

sperm
fertilisation

Reproductive System (21 decks)

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