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Reproductive System > Male Sexual Response > Flashcards

Male Sexual Response Flashcards

1
Q

what is the penis

A

male external sexual organ

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2
Q

function of the penis

A
  • transport urine from bladder to exterior
  • transport semen from male reproductive system into female vagina duirng intercourse
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3
Q

structure of the penis in descending order

A
  • root (base of penis; fixed portion attached to body wall)
  • body / shaft (moveable, tubular part; part that flaccid or erect)
  • neck (between shaft and glans)
  • glans or head (expanded end around urethral opening)
  • prepuce (foreskin; covers glans of penis in uncircumcised)
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4
Q

penis supporting tissue layers (superficial to deep)

A
  • outer skin (similar to scrotum - thin, delicate)
  • dermis (has smooth muscle continuous w dartos smooth muscle found in scrotum)
  • underlying areolar loose CT (to allow skin to move)
  • elastic tissue (encircling internal structures; allows penis to stretch and recoil back to normal shape)
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5
Q

are the penis supporting tissues involved in erection

A

no

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6
Q

penis erectile tissue

A

(two blue large circles, red circle - general area)
- erectile tissue are deeper than supporting tissues
- well-vascularised (tissues can fill with blood - allowing erection) (when blood drains from tissues - penis resting / flaccid)
- in resting state, arterial branches are constricted
- corpora cavernosa - 2 bands of erectile tissue; on either side of penis
- corpora spongiosum - around penile urethra; on underside of penis

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7
Q

describe structure corpora cavernosa tissue

A
  • 2 bands of erectile tissue; on either side of penis
  • tissue contains empty spaces (/ lacunae) -> empty when penis flaccid; filled with blood when penis erect
  • dorsal side of penis (side facing abdomen when erect)
  • around deep artery of penis
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8
Q

describe structure corpora spongiosum tissue

A
  • around penile urethra; on underside of penis
  • tissue contains empty spaces (/ lacunae) -> empty when penis flaccid; filled with blood when penis erect
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9
Q

what is it structurally that causes an erection

A

the filling of the spaces within corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum (the penis erectile tissues) with blood

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10
Q

where does the blood that fills the penis erectile tissue come from

A
  • penile arteries
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11
Q

how many phases is male sexual response made up of

A

3
- arousal / excitement
- orgasm and ejaculation
- resolution

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12
Q

(male sexual response: 1. arousal / excitement)
what can arousal be triggered by

A
  • thoughts, images, touch, scents, other stimuli, etc
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13
Q

(male sexual response: 1. arousal / excitement)
what does triggered arousal lead to

A
  • increased HR, breathing, BP
  • in penis, increased parasympathetic stimulation thru pelvic nerves
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14
Q

(male sexual response: 1. arousal / excitement) what does parasympathetic stimulation thru pelvic nerves do

A
  • parasympathetic nerves enter the penis
  • parasympathetic stimulation causes release of nitric oxide within penis
  • nitric oxide causes penile smooth muscles around penile arteries to relax
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15
Q

(male sexual response: 1. arousal / excitement) mechanism of action for erection

A
  • penile arteries dilate (muscles around arteries relax) -> blood flows into arteries -> blood leaks out of arteries -> blood makes way into lacunae / spaces within erectile tissue -> spaces fill with blood (ie/ engorged or swollen with blood) -> penis becomes erect
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16
Q

(male sexual response: 2. orgasm and ejaculation) are orgasm and ejaculation the same thing

A
  • no
  • two different bodily functions
17
Q

(male sexual response: 2. orgasm and ejaculation) describe orgasm

A
  • cerebral (brain) response to what is happening
  • sense of pleasure
  • orgasm can occur even if male does not ejaculate
18
Q

(male sexual response: 2. orgasm and ejaculation) describe ejaculation and involved muscles

A
  • release of semen
  • many muscles along sides of penis ‘ischiocavernosus muscles’ stiffen erect penis
  • ‘bulbocavernosus muscles’ at base of penis contract to push semen toward external urethral opening
19
Q

(male sexual response: 3. resolution) describe resolution

A

returning to the normal state

20
Q

(male sexual response: 3. resolution) MoA of end ejaculation during resolution

A
  • sympathetic signals constrict deep arteries of penis (by causing muscles around arteries to constrict) -> reduce blood flow into penis
  • plus blood flows out of penis normally
    => penis becomes soft and flaccid
21
Q

(male sexual response: 3. resolution) what happens during resolution

A
  • erected state subsides (2 events)
  • cardiovascular and respiratory responses return to normal (HR, breathing, BP)
22
Q

when does refractory period occur and for how long

A
  • occurs immediately after resolution phase
  • last from 10 minutes up to a few hours (vary for individual)
23
Q

describe refractory period

A
  • period where body recalibrates itself and settles down after gone through male sexual response
  • period where body returns to normal state
  • period where another sexual response does not occur (10 mins up to few hrs - varies)
24
Q

what might be difficult for males during refractory period

A
  • to get another erection
  • to achieve subsequent orgasm
25
Q

during refractory period what might sexual stimulation be like & are there any exceptions

A
  • too sensitive and even painful during this period
  • but possible for some individuals
26
Q

after refractory period has passed what can then occur

A

another sexual response

27
Q

define impotence

A

inability to achieve or maintain erection

28
Q

does impotence affect many males & what demographic is affected by impotence

A
  • yes, quite a few
  • affects as males get older
  • 40+ yrs old - tends become more prominent issue
29
Q

what is impotence also known as

A

erectile dysfunction (ED)

30
Q

some causes of ED / impotence

A
  • vascular changes
  • neural commands changing
  • psychological factors
  • many causes of ED
31
Q

are there many ways to treat ED and why or why not

A

yes many ways to treat ED
since many different causes of ED

32
Q

what would be a possible treatment option for a psychological cause of ED

A

psychological treatment

33
Q

what is a common medication treatment option for ED

A

viagra

34
Q

what is cGMP
explain biochem behind erection

A
  • cGMP is the biochemical behind the nerve signals that go to penis causing dilation of arteries / relaxation of surrounding smooth muscle
  • cGMP causes vessels in penis to expand
  • allowing blood to enter
  • causing erection
35
Q

what happens in ED biochemically

A
  • PDE5 chemical present in body in ED males
  • PDE5 breaks down cGMP quickly which stops it from binding to smooth muscle to dilate blood vessels for erection to occur
36
Q

how does viagra work on PDE5 on ED males

A
  • viagra = chemical that when taken blocks PDE5 from breaking down cGMP
    => cGMP able to act normally

Reproductive System (21 decks)

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