Prevention of Suicide Flashcards
Different ways to interpret suicide
Dutch:
- Suicide often used by researchers and policy makers
- Zelfmoord in media and debate
- Bereaved give preference to zelfdoding
English
- Do not say committed suicide but died by suicide
- Do not say suïcide attempters but people that did a suicide attempt
What is the definition of suicide
Suicide: the act of deliberately killing oneself
Suicide attempt: any non-fatal suicidal behavior: intentional self-inflicting poisoning, injury or self-harm, which may or may-not have a fatal intent or outcome
Suicidal behaviour refers to a range of behaviours that include thinking about suicide (or ideation), planning for suicide, attempting suicide and suicide itself
What is a struggle when it comes to the registration of suicides worldwide
- Rates vary between countries
* Of the WHO 170 countries only 60 provide good quality data
What is the difference between high income countries vs low-middle income countries
HIC: suicide accounts for 81% of violent deaths, in LMIC 44% for men and 70% for women
LMIC greater chance of dying in other ways
HIC often have better registration
Suicide often illegal in LMIC
What are the consequences of a suicide attempt
- Social and economic burden
- Impact on the person and associates
- Utility of health services
- Best predictor of future suicidal behavior
What are methodological challenges in data collection within suicide attempts?
- Different survey instruments
- Different sample
- Different language
- Literacy of sample
- Time-frame
- Stigma
- Fluctuations of suicidal behavior over time
What are the different stages (?) within suicide?
- Thoughts of death
- Death wish
- Suicidal thoughts
- Suicide attempt
What are meta-analysis and systematic reviews about when doing research about suicide?
- Risk factors
- Psychological and pharmacological treatments
- Screening
- Safety plan
Are there evidence based interventions to prevent suicide?
Not really
- No interventions that give great effects
- Not sure which treatment works best in which situation
- Important to do give at risk patients one or more of these interventions
- Look at scalability of an intervention
What are some interventions in suicide prevention?
- Training primary care physicians in depression recognition and treatment
- Educating youths on depression and suicidal behavior, as well as active outreach to psychiatric patients after discharge or a suicidal crisis
- Antidepressants
- Active screening for suicidal ideation
- Education of gatekeepers about youth suicidal behavior (lacks effectiveness)
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What are the 7 goals of the Dutch suicide prevention agenda?
- Get rid of the taboo and myths of suicide
- Teaching health care professionals to recognise suicidal behavior
- Suicide prevention in the neighbourhood, schools and universities
- Reach at risk groups
- Collaboration between health care professionals, family members, and experts
- Limit access to deadly means
- Nationwide learning system ?
Community and relationship related risk factors within suicide?
- Natural disaster
- Stresses of acculturation and dislocation
- Discrimination
- Trauma and abuse
- Sense of isolation and lack of social support
- Relationship conflict
Individual risk factors of suicide
- Previous attempt
- Mental disorders
- Harmful use of alcohol and other substances
- Job or financial loss
- Hopelessness
- Chronic pain/ illness
- Family history of suicide
Protective factors
- Cultivation and maintenance of healthy close relationships
- Religious or spiritual beliefs
- Lifestyle practice of positive coping strategies and well-being
What is the Motivational-Volitional Model of suicdial behavior Crisis?
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