Prevention of Addiction Flashcards
What are different types of drugs?
Downers (calming): alcohol, cannabis, tranqs and sedatives, GHB, opiates, solvents
Uppers (stimulating): tobacco, caffeine, xtc, cocaine, crack, speed
Trippers (altering perception): mushrooms, LSD, certain cactuses, cannabis
What are some risks and consequences when it comes to alcohol?
Short term risks: lowered inhibition, hangover, memory loss, etc
Long-term risks: weight gain, cancer, heart disease, addiction
Consequences: Costs Dutch society 2.3 - 2.9 billion a year, accidents (traffic/ domestic), health care costs (treatment, other diseases)
What are some risks of Cannabis?
Short term: lowered blood pressure/ fainting, decreases memory, concentration, psychological problems (psychosis)
Long term risks: lung damage, cancer, addiction
What are risks of Ecstasy (XTC/ MDMA)?
It was developed as diet drug -> now a party drug
Risks: brain damage, overheating, water intoxication, Tuesday blues (serotonin depletion), poisoned pills, addiction
What are the effects and risks of opiates?
opium -> morfine -> heroin, you can smoke, inject or swallow it
Need to use it 4-6 hours to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Effects of heroin: pleasure, pain relief, suppression of breathing
Addiction (relatively small group but very problematic), older group, little growth, 50% of users are receiving treatment, heavy burden on police and healthcare workers, risk for other diseases (HIV/ hepatitis)
What are several theories on the development of addiction
Biological theories: genetic factors, reactivity
Cognitive and behavioral theories: modelling, coping with stress, impulsiveness, sensation- seeking, antisocial behavior
sociocultural theories: more addiction in people with more stress, depends on culture, differences between men and women
What are some treatment methods for addiction?
- Detox (heavy users)
- Biological treatment (medication, methadon, heroin (recipe)
- psychological treatment (exposure and respons prevention, cognitive therapy / CBT, system therapy, relapse prevention)
- Sociocultural (AA/12-steps, prevention program)
What are different methods to be used in the prevention of addiction?
- Reduction of availability
- Information and education
- Early detection (e.g. GP)
What are some goals of prevention within addiction?
- Increase knowledge on drugs
- Influence attitude
- Decrease drug use
- Postpone first use
- Decrease abuse and dependence
- Harm reduction
What are different ways to approach your target groups?
- specific target groups (school-based interventions)
- More general: community interventions, mass media interventions
- New: internet-interventions
What is the healthy schools intervention when it comes to addiction?
Prevention of alcohol, smoking and drugs within schools
Has 4 parts
* education lessons
* involving parents
* detect problematic use and offer guidance
* rules and dealing
What are some effective elements within school-based prevention (addiction)?
- Interactive methods
- Social influence principles
- Serial approach
- Peer-led programmes
- Parent involvement
- Cognitive-behavioral methods (CBT)
- Selective and indicated prevention
What are community based interventions?
Community interventions are:
- Different interventions combined
- In a specific area/ areas
- Involving the people
Effects on alcohol (use, violence, first aid, driving)
Hardly research on other drugs
What are mass media interventions?
- 100% BOB
- Plaatjes op roken
- NIX 18
- rookvrije generatie
What are internet interventions?
Principles
- Peer normative feedback (PNF)
- Motivational interviewing (MI)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Combined
