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Clinical Disciplines II-Exam #1 > Prevention > Flashcards

Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major outcome of chronic diseases other than death?

A

Disability

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2
Q

What are the MC CA’s?

A
  1. Lung
  2. Colorectal
  3. Breast
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3
Q

What percentage of older adults have HTN?

A

40%

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4
Q

What percentage of adults have heart disease?

A

1/3

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5
Q

What percentage of disabilities occur chronically and progressively as chronic diseases become more severe?

A

1/2

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6
Q

What is the most feared outcome of disability?

A

Loss of independence

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7
Q

List the precursors to disability

A
  1. Difficulty walking
  2. Cognitive impairment
  3. Visual impairment
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8
Q

Define Primary Prevention

A

Intervention to prevent dz or injury

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9
Q

List examples of Primary Prevention

A
  1. Vaccines
  2. BP monitoring
  3. Exercise
  4. Seat Belts
  5. Home Environment evaluation*
  6. Oral Care*
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10
Q

Define Secondary Prevention

A

Intervention for those with EARLY CONDITION to prevent PROGRESSION into complications

Ex: Smoking cessation in pt’s with arterial dz

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11
Q

What is an examples of Secondary Prevention

A

Screenings:

  1. Mammography <75
  2. Colonoscopy, FOB
  3. Vision
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12
Q

Define Tertiary Prevention

A

Efforts to IMPROVE CARE to AVOID late complications

Ex: Chronic Dz management

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13
Q

List examples of Tertiary Prevention

A
  1. Proactive Primary Care
  2. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
  3. Foot Care
  4. Toileting
  5. Rehab
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14
Q

What two factors is the benefit of prevention dependent on?

A
  1. PREVALENCE of problem

2. LIKELIHOOD of an effective intervention

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15
Q

What is prevention in older adults targeted at?

A

Prevention of Syndromes:

  1. Falls
  2. Dizziness
  3. Functional decline
  4. Incontinence
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16
Q

What is the benefit of pneumonia prevention (vaccines)?

A
  1. Decrease need for hospitalizations

2. Decrease functional decline

17
Q

What is the benefit of osteoporosis prevention?

A

Cost effective in elderly

18
Q

Define Multimorbidity

A

Decreased risk of one dz may leave older people more vulnerable to others

Ex: Decreasing SBP below 120/80 can cause dizziness/falls d/t decreased profusion to brain

19
Q

What is the USPTF recommendations for prevention screening

A
  1. Regular “periodic” screening
  2. 65+: Screening, counseling, immnunizations
  3. Welcome to Medicare visit
20
Q

Screening for psychosocial problems

A
  1. PHQ-9
  2. Beck Depression Inventory
  3. Geriatric Depression Scale
21
Q

Screening for cognitive impairment

A

Mini Mental Status Exam

22
Q

What is the recommended amount of physical activity in older adults?

A

150 minutes/week of moderate intensity

23
Q

What does low BMI or unintentional weight loss >10 lbs in 6 months indicate?

A

Poor nutrition and disease

24
Q

What can you use to help identify those @ risk for malnutrition?

A

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

25
Q

What is the most preventable problem in older adults?

A

Iatrogenesis

26
Q

List common Iatrogenic problems

A
  1. Excessive Testing/Overevaluation*
  2. Polypharmacy
  3. Oversedation
  4. Fluid overload
  5. Abx overuse
27
Q

What is the leading iatrogenic event in LTC facilities?

A

Learned Dependence

28
Q

Management of falls

A
  1. PT & OT
  2. Gait training, muscle strength training, adaptive behaviors
  3. Assistive devices
  4. Environment manipulations
  5. Hip protectors

Clinical Disciplines II-Exam #1 (5 decks)

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