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Clinical Disciplines II-Exam #1 > Intro to Geriatrics > Flashcards

Intro to Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life span @ birth for females?

A

79 y.o.

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2
Q

What is the life span @ birth for males?

A

74 y.o.

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3
Q

What is weakness d/t in aging?

A
  1. Loss of muscle mass

2. Loss of bone density

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4
Q

What are the “normal” changes of aging a result of?

A

Gradual loss of homeostatic mechanisms

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5
Q

What two things does the functional performance of an organ in an older person depend on?

A
  1. Rate of deterioration

2. Level of performance needed

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6
Q

What is the hallmark of agin?

A

How an organism performs during EXTERNAL STRESS

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7
Q

How frequently should weight be checked in the elderly?

A

@ every visit

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8
Q

How often should you check heigh in elderly?

A

Annually

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9
Q

What is a decrease in height due to in elderly?

A
  1. Osteoporosis

2. Arthritis

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10
Q

How should you take BP in the elderly?

A

in BOTH arms for @ least 30 seconds

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11
Q

why can BP be false overestimated in elderly?

A

Pseudohypertension: Noncompressibility of thickened, stiff arteries

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12
Q

What must you perform to avoid pseudo hypertension?

A

Osler’s maneuver: Palpate radial artery while cuff is being inflated to ensure pulse wave actually disappers

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13
Q

Why should you check blood pressure in both arms?

A

obstructive atherosclerotic vascular dz

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14
Q

What does a respiratory rate >25 breaths/min indicate in elderly?

A

1st sign of lower respiratory tract infections

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15
Q

What is the cardinal sx of dry eyes?

A

Tearing

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16
Q

What are elderly @ an increased risk for d/t lens thickening?

A

Narrow-angle glaucoma

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17
Q

Define presbyopia

A

Blurred near vision

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18
Q

Define presbycusis

A

Diminished hearing in old age:

Loss of high pitched sounds

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19
Q

What can basilar rales/crackles be due to in elderly? How do you check?

A

Atelectasis from decreased use of lungs

Should clear with deep inhalation and cough

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20
Q

What can Kyphoscoliosis cause?

A

Displacement of apical impulse

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21
Q

How long should you listen to heart sounds?

A

30 sec-1 min

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22
Q

What increases in elderly in order to maintain CO?

A

SV

23
Q

What heart murmur DOES radiate to the carotids?

A

Aortic valve stenosis

24
Q

Where can you hear mitral regurgitation the loudest?

A

@ apex and radiates to axilla

25
Q

What does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy increase with?

A

Valsalva maneuver

26
Q

What are COMMON peripheral vascular system changes, but NOT normal aging changes?

A

Arterial and venous changes: i.e. atherosclerosis

27
Q

Who is at an increased risk for AAA?

A

Back/Abd pain: Male 65+, smoker

28
Q

What can further worsen respiratory function in the elderly?

A

Kyphosis from aging

29
Q

When would you want to perform an anal wink? What is it? What are you testing for?

A

Sudden Fecal Incontinence: Herniated disc (above S2)
SF visceral reflex:
Afferent= Pudendal nerve
Efferent=S2-S4

30
Q

What percentage of men does ED and BPH effect?

A

50%

31
Q

At what age range do we see cessation of menstrual periods?

A

45-52

32
Q

How often should you perform a Pelvic exam + Pap smear?

A

every 2-3 years until age 65

33
Q

If the patient lacks hip mobility, what side should they lay on?

A

Left side

34
Q

What does palpable ovaries 10 years post-menopause suggest?

A

CA

35
Q

Where do we see loss of height occur most frequently?

A

Trunk: Intravertebral disc thinning

36
Q

List OA findings

A
  1. Hebedern’s Nodes: DIP

2. Bouchrd Nodes: PIP

37
Q

List RA findings

A
  1. Subluxation of MCP’s w/ ulnar deviation (chronic)
  2. Swan neck deformity
  3. Boutonnier deformity
38
Q

Lis the age-related findings in feet

A

Hallux valgus
Hammer toe
Claw toe

39
Q

What can toe deformities result from?

A
  1. Ill-fitting foot war
  2. RA
  3. DM
  4. Neuro d/o
40
Q

Who should be referred to podiatry?

A

ANY patient with a foot disorder

41
Q

Define Benign Forgetfulness

A

Difficulty recalling names of people/objects or details of specific events

42
Q

Define Bell Phenomenon

A

Reflex upward movement of eyes during closure is sometimes absent

Normal aging change

43
Q

What is decreased sense of smell due to?

A
  1. Decreased olfactory neurons
  2. Numerous URI’s
  3. Chronic Rhinitis
44
Q

What is decreased tase due to?

A
  1. Decreased sense of smell

2. Medications that cause dry mouth

45
Q

Define Sarcopenia

A
  • Decrease in muscle mass
  • MCly affect. hand muscles
  • Insignificant findings unless there is a decline or change in function (pt has to use chair arms to stand)
46
Q

What parts of the body do we see vibratory sensory loss?

A

Feet and Ankles

47
Q

Neurogenic claudication etiology

A

Lumbar spinal stenosis

48
Q

Neurogenic claudication si/s’s

A

Pain, numbness, weakness during walking

Decreases with sitting

49
Q

Difficulty initiating walking etiology

A
  1. Frontal/subcortical d/o
  2. Isolated gait initiation failure
  3. Parkinsons
50
Q

Truncal instability (sway) etiology

A
  1. Hip/Knee Arthritis

2. Cerebellar/Subcortical/Basal Ganglia dysfunction

51
Q

Step asymmetry etiology

A
  1. Focal neuro deficit
  2. Pain or weakness in one leg
  3. Unilateral msk deficit
52
Q

Step discontinuity etiology

A
  1. Fear of falling

2. Frontal lobe d/o

53
Q

Stride with abnormalities etiology

A
  1. Cerebellar d/o
  2. Hip d/o
  3. Normal pressure hydrocephalus
54
Q

What test do we use to measure stability?

A

Romberg

Clinical Disciplines II-Exam #1 (5 decks)

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