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Patient Care > Preventing Disease Transmission > Flashcards

Preventing Disease Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Who provides the recommendations to the hospitals infection control department when new polices are developed

A

CDC - center for disease control and prevention

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2
Q

How often are reports by the CDC published

A

Weekly and annual surveillance report

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3
Q

Outline/breakdown what emerging diseases include

A
  • new diseases appearing in the population, existing ones that are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range and resurgent or recurrent old diseases caused by on old or mutated pathogen
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4
Q

List the 8 factors that precipitate to disease emergence

A
  • increase in human exposure to vectors in nature
  • population growth and migration in crowded cities
  • rapid international travel and transportation of goods
  • contact w/ new strains of dangerous pathogens
  • breakdown in public health measures
  • pathogen mutation caused by over utilization of antimicrobial agents
  • climate change
  • bioterrorism
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5
Q

Identify 2 cause for the cholera outbreak in South American and Africa

A

Poor sanitation and insufficient levels of chlorine in water supplies

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6
Q

Where did the immigrants that reintroduced diphtheria into he USA come from

A

Russia

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7
Q

Name the disease emergence which was responsible for the 1993 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

Climate change causing a 6 year drought that caused the population of deer mice to increase rapidly

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8
Q

Signs of and symptoms of Dengue Fever

A
  • high fever - headache -often a rash - malaise - muscle and joint aches
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9
Q

What is the vector for Lyme Disease

A

Deer ticks

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10
Q

Which disease emergence is responsible for the spread of once localized infections such as HIV

A

Human migration from isolated areas to crowded cities

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11
Q

1n 2001 terrorists caused an outbreak of which disease in the US

A

Anthrax

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12
Q

What was the source of the SARS outbreak to North America in 2003

A

Travelers from Asia

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13
Q

List the reason the influenza virus is so successful

A
  • mutates readily resulting in many different strains of influenza and frequent appearance of new strains
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14
Q

Which flu in 2009 was a vaccine developed for

A

Swine flu

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15
Q

Unpasteurized apple juice and contaminated spinach is linked to causing which E. Coli

A

0157H7

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16
Q

In June 2011, a deadly strain of E. Coli caused deaths in Germany. Which countries were linked to this strain as well?

A

Egypt and UK

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17
Q

The E. Coli 104:H4 has a trait that produces a toxin that causes kidney failure. What is the name of the toxin?

A

Shiga toxin

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18
Q

Where did the 2014 multi-country outbreak of Ebola occur?

A

West Africa

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19
Q

List 3 ways Ebola can spread

A
  • blood and body fluids from the infected person
  • objects contaminated with the virus
  • infected fruit bats or primates
20
Q

How many days after exposure does the Ebola flulike symptoms and signs appear in an infected person

A

2 - 21 days

21
Q

Is there a vaccine for Ebola

A

No

22
Q

List 2 methods that help prevent contracting the Ebola virus

A
  • proper use of PPE

- disinfection protocols

23
Q

What is another name for nosocomial infections

A

Hospital acquired infections

24
Q

List the typical HAI’s source of infection

A

Contaminated hands of healthcare workers
Contaminated instruments
Urinary catheters, ventilators, central lines, surgical sites which allow microbes to gain easy entrance into the body

25
Q

Which HAI can cause respiratory infections

A

MRSA

26
Q

What are the causes supporting the spread of multi drug resistant infections

A

Overuse of antimicrobial agents

Poor infection control practices

27
Q

What is the cause of CA-MRSA

A

Recent antibiotic use
Sharing contaminated personal items
Living in crowded settings
Poor hand hygiene

28
Q

Why is C-duffle so difficult to control

A

Spore forming bacterium that is not eliminated by routine medical asepsis methods

29
Q

Chronically recurring C-difficile effects what % of the population

A

20%

30
Q

AIDS is what stage of the HIV infection

A

Stage 3

31
Q

After how many days can an HIV infected individual transmit the virus to others

A

A few days after infection

32
Q

How is HIV transmitted

A

Sexual contact, contaminated blood or needles, fluids containing blood, or from mother to fetus via placenta or breast milk

33
Q

What factors are contributing to a continued decline in AIDS diagnoses and deaths

A

Better access to healthcare
Simpler drug regime
Development of antiviral drugs

34
Q

How many common types of hepatitis are there

A

5 - A, B, C, D, E

35
Q

How is Hep B spread

A

Contact w/ blood or blood products, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, mother to fetus

36
Q

What % of healthcare workers are subject to sporadic percutaneous exposures to hepatitis

A

1-2%

37
Q

How can Hep B be transmitted

A

Through non intact skin contact w/ infected blood on environmental surfaces
Needle stick or injury

38
Q

Which types of Hepatitis have the potential to develop into chronic infections and cirrhosis

A

Hep B and C

39
Q

Which types of Hepatitis is there a vaccine for

A

Hep B and A

40
Q

What is the immediate management of an accidental needle stick by a contaminated object

A

Allow wound to bleed under cold water and wash it with soap

41
Q

What allows a TB droplet nuclei to live on surfaces for years

A

Waxy coat nuclei

42
Q

What causes the deactivation of TB and what factors contribute to this reactivation

A

Weakened immune system response due to age, malnutrition

43
Q

A negative baseline TST test indicates what

A

Person has never been infected with TB

44
Q

How should a diagnosed pt with active TB be managed

A

Ventilated room w/ negative pressure

Visitors wear N95 masks

45
Q

According to OSHA out of 1000 workers how many could be exposed to TB while on the job

A

386 (1/3 of all workers)

46
Q

List the diseases the US public health services still has the legal authority to detain and quarantine

A 
Diptheria 
Infectious TB
Plague 
Cholera 
Smallpox
Yellow fever
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
SARS
Flu's that can cause epidemics

Patient Care (11 decks)

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