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aaa EM Exam > Pretest with EKG! (and others) > Flashcards

Pretest with EKG! (and others) Flashcards

1
Q

organophosphate compounds inhibit __________

A

acetylcholinesterase,

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2
Q

The treatment for organophosphate toxicity is

A

atropine and pralidoxime

Atropine-anticholinergic/ inhibits excess acetylcholine.

Pralidoxime- regenerates
acetylcholinesterase

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3
Q

Flumazenil reverses _________

A

benzodiazepines

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4
Q

GHB vs other sedative/hypnotic overdoses

A

vs other sedative/hypnotic overdoses, the level of consciousness fluctuates quickly
between agitation and depression.

γ-Hydroxybutyrate

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5
Q

The most useful diagnostic test/treatment in a suspected CO poisoning is

A

COHb level

mainstay of treatment is the delivery
of oxygen

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6
Q

Acetaminophen concentration must be measured ______ after ingestion and then plotted on the nomogram.

A

between 4 and 24 hours

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7
Q

_________ is notorious for causing sz refractory to standard therapy

A

INH

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is the treatment

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8
Q

Glyburide is a commonly prescribed __________

A

sulfonylurea

lasts 24 hours–> Hypoglycemia secondary to sulfonylureas generally requires
hospital admission to monitor for recurrent hypoglycemia

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9
Q

Aspirin overdose acid/ base

A

A mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis is typically seen in adults

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10
Q

Agents that do not adsorb to charcoal include

A

ions- lithium
hydrocarbons
metals
ethanol

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11
Q

________ should be used as the first-line

agent for nearly all cocaine toxicities.

A

Benzos

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12
Q

Opioid withdrawal presents with

A 
mild tachycardia
yawning
rhinorrhea
piloerection
NVD 
diaphoresis
myalgias/ arthralgias,
anx
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13
Q

Toxic alcohol and serum osmolarity

A
  • If ↑ low molecular weight molecules,
    (acetone, toxic ETOH, mannitol)
    –>
    -↑ osmolarity (more than what is calculated from the regular serum molecules)

osm gap > 50 diagnostic of toxic etoh

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14
Q

acetaminophen od rx

A

NAC

glutathione precursor to reduce NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine)– the
toxic metabolite of acetaminophen.

most effective within 8 hours of the ingestion, use up to 24

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15
Q

The finding of _________ is considered the hallmark of ethylene glycol ingestion

A

crystalluria

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16
Q

peritonsillar abscess s/s and rx

A

muffled voice, trismus, fluctuant mass, deviation of the uvula, odynophagia, and drooling.

needle aspiration or incision and drainage

17
Q

bull neck, mandibular swelling, tongue swelling, and protrusion

A

dental cause= ~ 90% of cases

18
Q

Fournier gangrene rx

A

necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and male genitalia

aggressive fluid, surgical debridement, broad-spectrum abx, and possibly hyperbaric O2

19
Q

impetigo organism and treatment options

A

S pyogenes
erythromycin- macrolide
cephalexin- cephlosporin
linezolid in resistant cases

20
Q

Acute chest syndrome

A
  • vaso-occlusive life threatening crisis of the pulmonary vasculature
  • commonly seen with sickle cell
  • must be cautious with IV fluid (pulm edema)
21
Q

toxic synovitis

A

-benign/ self-limiting
-typically responds to
rest/ NSAIDs
-transient synovitis thought to be a postinfectious inflammatory process

22
Q

Kawasaki disease is defined by the following criteria

A

fever > 5 days

and 4/5 of:

  • cervical LAD > 1.5 cm
  • oral mucous membrane involvement (strawberry tongue)
  • truncal rash
  • nonpurulent conjunctivitis
  • edematous hands and feet
23
Q

4 to 7 day old with severe cyanosis from congenital heart problem. Rx?

A

The most important next step is prostaglandin bolus followed by a drip to maintain PDA

O2 will close PDA, do not use despite hypoxia

24
Q

MONA for ACS in the ER

A

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin

25
Q

endocarditis in the intravenous drug user is usually what valve?

A

tricuspid valve

26
Q

The right coronary artery supplies ___________ in 90% of patients

A

the AV node and inferior wall of the left ventricle

27
Q

s. Inferior wall MIs are characterized by ST elevation in what leads

A

2+ of the inferior leads (II, III, aVF)

28
Q

Leads II, III, aVF show what part of the heart

A

Inferior wall

29
Q

Septal Leads

A

V1, V2

The anteroseptal wall of the heart is supplied by the left anterior
descending coronary artery (LAD)

30
Q

Lateral leads

A

I
V5, V6
AVL

31
Q

Anterior leads

A

V3, V54

32
Q

The anteroseptal wall of the heart is supplied by the ________ artery

A

left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)

33
Q

LAD coronary artery MI

A

ST elevation in leads V1, V2, V3, and V4

34
Q

The lateral wall of the heart is supplied by the __________

artery

A

left circumflex coronary (LCA)

35
Q

LCA MI

A

ST elevations in leads I, aVL, V5, and V6

aaa EM Exam (27 decks)

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