Pretest with EKG! (and others) Flashcards
organophosphate compounds inhibit __________
acetylcholinesterase,
The treatment for organophosphate toxicity is
atropine and pralidoxime
Atropine-anticholinergic/ inhibits excess acetylcholine.
Pralidoxime- regenerates
acetylcholinesterase
Flumazenil reverses _________
benzodiazepines
GHB vs other sedative/hypnotic overdoses
vs other sedative/hypnotic overdoses, the level of consciousness fluctuates quickly
between agitation and depression.
γ-Hydroxybutyrate
The most useful diagnostic test/treatment in a suspected CO poisoning is
COHb level
mainstay of treatment is the delivery
of oxygen
Acetaminophen concentration must be measured ______ after ingestion and then plotted on the nomogram.
between 4 and 24 hours
_________ is notorious for causing sz refractory to standard therapy
INH
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is the treatment
Glyburide is a commonly prescribed __________
sulfonylurea
lasts 24 hours–> Hypoglycemia secondary to sulfonylureas generally requires
hospital admission to monitor for recurrent hypoglycemia
Aspirin overdose acid/ base
A mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis is typically seen in adults
Agents that do not adsorb to charcoal include
ions- lithium
hydrocarbons
metals
ethanol
________ should be used as the first-line
agent for nearly all cocaine toxicities.
Benzos
Opioid withdrawal presents with
mild tachycardia yawning rhinorrhea piloerection NVD diaphoresis myalgias/ arthralgias, anx
Toxic alcohol and serum osmolarity
- If ↑ low molecular weight molecules,
(acetone, toxic ETOH, mannitol)
–>
-↑ osmolarity (more than what is calculated from the regular serum molecules)
osm gap > 50 diagnostic of toxic etoh
acetaminophen od rx
NAC
glutathione precursor to reduce NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine)– the
toxic metabolite of acetaminophen.
most effective within 8 hours of the ingestion, use up to 24
The finding of _________ is considered the hallmark of ethylene glycol ingestion
crystalluria
peritonsillar abscess s/s and rx
muffled voice, trismus, fluctuant mass, deviation of the uvula, odynophagia, and drooling.
needle aspiration or incision and drainage
bull neck, mandibular swelling, tongue swelling, and protrusion
dental cause= ~ 90% of cases
Fournier gangrene rx
necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and male genitalia
aggressive fluid, surgical debridement, broad-spectrum abx, and possibly hyperbaric O2
impetigo organism and treatment options
S pyogenes
erythromycin- macrolide
cephalexin- cephlosporin
linezolid in resistant cases
Acute chest syndrome
- vaso-occlusive life threatening crisis of the pulmonary vasculature
- commonly seen with sickle cell
- must be cautious with IV fluid (pulm edema)
toxic synovitis
-benign/ self-limiting
-typically responds to
rest/ NSAIDs
-transient synovitis thought to be a postinfectious inflammatory process
Kawasaki disease is defined by the following criteria
fever > 5 days
and 4/5 of:
- cervical LAD > 1.5 cm
- oral mucous membrane involvement (strawberry tongue)
- truncal rash
- nonpurulent conjunctivitis
- edematous hands and feet
4 to 7 day old with severe cyanosis from congenital heart problem. Rx?
The most important next step is prostaglandin bolus followed by a drip to maintain PDA
O2 will close PDA, do not use despite hypoxia
MONA for ACS in the ER
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
