PED HEAD

Question 1

In the post-arrest setting, which of the following is the drug of choice in treating hypotension in a child

Answer 1

epinephrine infusion

While dopamine is the drug of choice in adults

Question 2

____________ are all physiologic consequences of hypothermia in itsy bitsy

Answer 2

Metabolic acidosis, increased oxygen consumption, hypoglycemia, and apnea

Question 3

In the post-arrest setting, which of the following is the drug of choice in treating hypotension in an adult

Answer 3

dopamine

Question 4

Bradycardia in a newborn is?

Answer 4

HR < 100

Question 5

intraosseous (IO) access complications

Answer 5

Marrow and fat emboli
Anterior compartment syndrome
Tibial fracture
Long bone fracture is a contraindication

Question 6

Work up for Intussusception

Answer 6

Barium enema is both a diagnostic and often therapeutic procedure

Can result in perforation

pediatric surgery consultation should occur in conjunction with ordering this test.

Question 7

In a newborn, bradycardia is most commonly an indicator of

Answer 7

hypoxemia

may exhibit cyanosis, lethargy, and unresponsiveness, but unlike older patients the heart rate tends to be slow

Question 8

The correct endotracheal tube size can be approximated by using a simple formula:

Answer 8

Inside diameter (ID) in mm = (16 + age in years) / 4

ex: 8 year old = 6 mm

Question 9

The pediatric airway is more ____ vs adult airway.

Answer 9

anterior

Question 10

Pediatric airway

Answer 10

usually performed using a straight blade

infant’s head is naturally in the correct “sniff” position

more anterior airway

The pediatric tongue is relatively larger vs adult

Teeth are more easily knocked out during a pediatric intubation vs adult.

Question 11

What is the most common category of shock in the pediatric population

Answer 11

hypovolemic

Question 12

Hill–Sachs fracture

Answer 12

cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus. It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.

Like a football player arm baring

Question 13

What is the most common heart rhythm seen in pediatric arrest?

Answer 13

bradycardia

Question 14

Which of the following is the commonest type of pediatric rhythm in the setting of cardiopulmonary arrest?

Answer 14

asystole

Question 15

In contrast to adults, pediatric epidural hematomas are _________

Answer 15

venous in origin

Question 16

Retinal hemorrhages are not commonly found in children in cases of __________ head trauma

Answer 16

mild-moderate trauma

Question 17

Supracondylar humerus fractures can lead to injuries of the ________ nerves. Immediate operative repair is frequently required.

Answer 17

median and ulnar

Question 18

Chest compressions should be started when in infants

Answer 18

heart rate < 60 bpm

–>only if oxygen and adequate ventilation have first been tried and failed to increase the heart rate.

Question 19

The drugs which may be given by endotracheal route can be remembered by the mnemonic “LEAN” and are?

Answer 19

lidocaine, epinephrine, atropine, naloxone.

Question 20

Asystole is in fact the commonest rhythm in full pediatric arrest. _________ is the drug of choice.

Answer 20

Epinephrine

Question 21

____________ are the initial and most important steps in neonatal resuscitation

Answer 21

Drying, warming, positioning, suctioning and stimulating the neonate

Question 22

Causes for gastrointestinal bleeding in an infant include:

Answer 22

swallowed maternal blood/ dyes in foods
gastritis
milk allergy
bleeding from vaginal/ urinary tract
necrotizing enterocolitis
intussusception
vascular malformations
rectal fissure
toxic ingestions
bleeding dyscrasia
occult trauma

Question 23

_________ are the most frequent reasons for airway obstruction–> arrest in the neonate.

Answer 23

Mucus, blood, meconium, big tongue, and pulmonary prematurity

Question 24

A 5-minute Apgar score of 0-3 defines the presence of _________

Answer 24

perinatal asphyxia.

Question 25

Even though succinylcholine has been shown to cause fatal _________ in some cases, it is still the recommended relaxant used in pediatric RSI.

Answer 25

hyperkalemia