La Bla

Question 1

_________ are preferred for procedures involving the plantar foot, since there is rich innervation and significant discomfort

Answer 1

Regional blocks

Question 2

The posterior tibial nerve, located ___________ , supplies the medial portion of the sole and the medial side of the foot.

Answer 2

between the medial malleolus and Achilles tendon

Question 3

Toxic reactions to local anesthetics are usually due to _____ and have these s/s

Answer 3

IM or intrathecal injection, or excessive dose.

initial symptoms= lightheadedness and dizziness.

others= peri-oral numbness, tinnitus, CNS effects: visual / auditory disturbances, shivering, twitching, generalized clonic-tonic sz.

CNS depression–> respiratory depression or arrest.

Question 4

The maximal acceptable dose of lidocaine with and without epinephrine is _________ respectively.

Answer 4

7mg/kg and 5mg/kg respectively.

Question 5

_______ sutures are not recommended for the palm, as this technique places deep structures at risk.

Answer 5

Vertical mattress

Question 6

classic side effect of using high doses of intravenous fentanyl

Answer 6

clinical signs of chest wall rigidity and glottic spasm

This may not reliably be antagonized by naloxone and may require neuromuscular blockade and intubation to enable adequate ventilation

Question 7

________ is the most common complication of lumbar puncture

Answer 7

Post LP headache

Treatment of post-LP HA= keeping the patient supine to maximize intracranial CSF volume, use of oral caffeine, and for severe long-lasting headaches, autologous blood patch.

Question 8

The normal range of CSF glucose is?

Answer 8

50 to 80 mg/dL, which is 60% to 70% of the glucose concentration in the blood.

glucose of less than 0.5 or a CSF glucose level below 40 mg/dL is invariably abnormal.

Question 9

paronychia

Answer 9

soft tissue infection around a fingernail that begins as cellulitis but that may progress to a definite abscess

Question 10

What is the most common associated neurological finding with a distal radius fracture?

Answer 10

Decreased sensation over the thenar eminance due to median nerve injury.

Question 11

Patients with hip dislocation tend to have_______ rotation.

Answer 11

internal

Question 12

A knee dislocation frequently injures the ___________, threatening the survival of the limb.

Answer 12

popliteal artery- immediate reduction for the dislocation is warranted

Question 13

_________ can be a useful indirect indicator of facial fracture on CT

Answer 13

Blood in the sinuses

Question 14

There are many species of bacteria in the human mouth, and ___________ is an aggressive one, frequently causing infection in the first 24 hours after injury.

Answer 14

Eikenella corrodens

Question 15

Heliox is?

Answer 15

a breathing gas composed of a mixture of helium (He) and oxygen (O2).
Good for reactive airway disease

Question 16

central cord syndrome is typically caused by ?

Answer 16

hyperextension

Question 17

Electrical injuries may cause four types of superficial burns or skin changes

Answer 17

linear burns, punctate burns, feathering, or thermal burns.

Question 18

Patients with high voltage injury commonly present with _________ that would be absent in lightning injury

Answer 18

devastating deep burns

(usually lightning injury does not have deep burns)

common sites of contact with the source include the hands and the skull. The most common areas of ground contact are the heels.

Question 19

Drugs of choice for htn encephalopathy

Answer 19

fendolapam

nitroprusside

Question 20

drug of choice for pre eclampsia htn

Answer 20

labatolol

Question 21

A patient with a history of difficult-to-control hypertension is now 6 to 8 weeks pregnant and presents with a hypertensive emergency. Which of the following IV antihypertensives should be avoided?

Answer 21

nitroprusside- cyanide tox

Question 22

Most peptic ulcer disease is due to?

Answer 22

2 cause= nsaids

H Pylori

Question 23

edentulous definition

Answer 23

lacking teeth

Question 24

Multiple studies have noted that ingested foreign bodies are relatively more common in ?

Answer 24

pediatric, edentulous, incarcerated, and psychiatric patients.

Question 25

Immediate rx for svc syndrome

Answer 25

Elevation of the head of the bed has been shown to have immediate salutary effects.

Question 26

Which of the following is FALSE concerning emergency intervention for traumatic emergencies encountered by EMS paramedics?

• Severely injured patients require endotracheal intubation.
• Intubating head injured patients may result in dental or soft tissue damage.
• Increasing MAP to near normal levels may cause hemodilution and decreased oxygen saturation.
• When short transport time is expected, use of pneumatic antishock garment appears to be associated with increased mortality in penetrating torso injuries.
• Aggressive fluid resuscitation prior to surgical hemostasis is an absolute standard of care to minimize post-traumatic morbidity.

Answer 26

FALSE: Aggressive fluid resuscitation prior to surgical hemostasis is an absolute standard of care to minimize post-traumatic morbidity.

Question 27

With growing regionalization of care for many patient types and conditions, the traditional province of “prehospital” care is growing to include “out-of-hospital” care. The increasing need for critical care transport to regional centers has translated into regularly-occurring out-of-hospital, intratransport utilization of all the following EXCEPT:

• intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
• mechanical ventilation
• ventilation with nitric oxide-containing gas
• continuous propofol infusion
• extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Answer 27

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)