preterm infant Flashcards
1
Q
what is preterm
A
a birth that occurs before 37 completed weeks of gestation
2
Q
causes of preterm
A
- cervical incompetence
- spontaneous preterm labour
- multiple pregnancy
- preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
- pregnancy associated hypertension
- intrauterine growth restriction
- antepartum haemorrhage
3
Q
risk factors for preterm
A
- > 2 preterm babies
- abnormally shaped uterus
- multiple pregnancies
- interval of <6 months between pregnancies
- in vitro
- smoking alcohol, drugs
4
Q
difference with preterm babies in terms of respiratory
A
- get cold faster
- has fewer reserves
- read slide
5
Q
altered approach for preterm babies
A
- delayed cord clamping
- keeping warm (plastic bag and radiant heater and hat)
- gentle lung inflation (PEEP)
- initial oxygen concentration
- using a saturation monitor
6
Q
common problems of prematurity
A
- temperature control
- feeding/nutrition
- sepsis
- system immaturity/dysfunction
- metabolic
7
Q
why is there increased risk of nutritional compromise in preterm
A
- limited nutrient reserves
- gut immaturity
- immature metabolic pathways
- increased nutrient demands
8
Q
organisms that cause neonatal sepsis
A
early onset
- Gp B streptococcus
- gram negatives
late onset
-read slide
9
Q
resp complications of prematurity
A
- respiratory distress syndrome
- apnoea of prematurity
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia
10
Q
how does respiratory distress syndrome happen
A
- surfactant deficiency
- structural immaturity
- alveolar damage (formation of exudate from leaky capillaries, inflammation, repair)
11
Q
clinical features of RDS
A
- resp distress
- tachypnoea
- worsen over minutes to hours
- nasal flaring
- grunting
- cyanosis
- intercostal recessions
12
Q
management of RDS
A
- maternal steroid
- surfactant
- ventilation
