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pressure groups Flashcards

1
Q

What are pressure groups?

A

They are away for people to influence governments and take part in the democratic process outside of the usual elections

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2
Q

What type of parts do pressure groups play in politics?

A

An integral part, they set agendas challenge governments and try to affect public opinion

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3
Q

What “N I N E” characteristics do most pressure groups share

A

Narrow focus N
Influence decisions I
Not N
Elected E

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4
Q

How do pressure groups prise their way to success?

A

P Participation
R representation
I influence policy
S scrutinise
E educate the public

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5
Q

What does pressure groups can be sectional or promotional mean?

A

They can represent a section of society, or they can represent a cause

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6
Q

What is three things can pressure groups be? (National)

A

They can be local national or transnational

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7
Q

What two things can pressure groups be? (Time)

A

They can be temporary or permanent

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8
Q

How can pressure groups distort results?

A

Major issues will have pressure groups on either side
If groups are unevenly match, the public will not be evenly matched

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9
Q

Why does the pro hunting lobby not fit in to the boundaries of pressure groups

A

They seem to be based on a course, e.g. the right to hunt with dogs
However, they can be seen to represent a section of society, e.g. wealthy people living in the countryside

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10
Q

How does the British Medical Association break the pressure group boundaries?

A

It seems to be based and supporting the medical profession
However, in its drive for better healthcare and improving funding, it can be fighting for a cause

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11
Q

What is the key for most pressure groups?

A

Public support

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12
Q

When was the anti poll-tax movement?

A

Late 1980s

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13
Q

What was the anti poll-tax movement, successful in

A

Convincing the government that they had mass support

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14
Q

What did the countryside alliance managed to do with their support?

A

They turned support into widespread public opposition, as it seems that you were either a member of the countryside alliance, or you hated them

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15
Q

What are nine ways that pressure groups are operate

A
  • Lobbying key figures
    -Funding parties
  • Boycotting
  • Civil disobedience
  • Lobbying MPs
  • Print/advertising campaign
  • The media
    -Demonstration
    -Publicity stunts
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16
Q

What do insider pressure groups enjoy

A

Direct access to ministers and policy makers as a matter of routine

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17
Q

What does it mean to say the inside of pressure groups are incorporated?

A

They are part of the policy-making process

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18
Q

What is a quango?

A

A quasi-autonomous-non-governmental-organisation

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19
Q

By whom is government work carried out by

A

Quangos and committees which need members and information i.e. the National rivers authority

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20
Q

What does pressure groups becoming part of policy networks mean for them?

A

It means they have a huge influence, but also means that they must act responsibly as to not jeopardise their position

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21
Q

Give examples of insider pressure groups

A
  • CBI (confederation of British industry)
  • RSPB (Royal Society for protection of birds)
  • National Trust
  • BMA (British medical Association)
  • Law society
  • NFU
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22
Q

Why is the NFU such an entrenched insider pressure group

A

The national farmers union
In 1947, agricultural act made it legal requirement that ministers consult the NFU before making decisions that affect farmers

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23
Q

What are outsider groups?

A

These are groups that have no direct access to ministers or policy processes in the way that insider groups do

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24
Q

What are outsider groups key weapon?

A

Mobilising public support

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25
Q

What are some outsider pressure group?

A
  • Countryside, alliance
    -Extinction rebellion/insulate Britain
    -CND (campaign for nuclear disarmament)
  • Fathers for justice
  • Green peace
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26
Q

Why do some groups want to remain outsider groups?

A

Because becoming involved in policy-making loose credibility with the public

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27
Q

Why is it more common now to have outsider pressure groups?

A

Traditional politics is increasingly unpopular

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28
Q

Give an example of one pressure group, that is both an insider and an outsider in a way

A

The shelter and child, poverty, action group
They are consulted by government, but still act as an outsider pressure group to embarrass them

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29
Q

What are the five methods of pressure groups?

A

Lobbing
Public
Direct action
Parliamentary methods
Legal action

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30
Q

Give some things that contribute to a success of a pressure group

A

Ideology ( if it’s close to the governments)
Finance
Size
Organisation
The opposing groups strength
Status (Insider or outsider)
Celebrity endorsement

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31
Q

How do you pressure groups increase participation?

A
  • Party membership and voting turnout are declining
    Single issues and pressure. Groups are the new way in which people get involved.
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32
Q

How to pressure groups act as an access point

A
  • The concentration on parliament is diminishing
  • They mean that there are other places to go
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33
Q

Pressure, groups and direct action

A
  • it was thought that outsider status, hindered chances of success
  • But modern governments are responsive to public opinion, if it is mobilised strongly
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34
Q

What are four new access points for pressure groups

A

The human rights act of 1998 means judicial review of policy

Devolution primary legislation create chances of sympathy

Transnational corporations

Extra party institutions, e.g. tanks and policy units

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35
Q

How can pressure groups enhanced pluralism?

A
  • They disperse power
  • they take power away from usual elites
  • Ordinary people can have influence over the government
  • The wide range of groups mean that many areas of society represented in decision-making between elections
36
Q

What does stonewall do?

A

They promote LGBTQ plus rights and equality when issues may not, otherwise be on the mind of legislators

37
Q

How do pressure groups educate the public?

A

They are independent and can tell people think that the government won’t
They aren’t always totally reliable though, but they bring focus to issues that may otherwise be overlooked,

38
Q

What does Amnesty International do about educating the public?

A

They bring peoples attention to regimes where human rights abuses and coincide with our interests
E.g. Qatar/World Cup Saudi Arabia/Arms contracts/Man City

39
Q

How to pressure groups increase participation?

A

Participation is essential for democracy to remain legitimate and keep checks on government between elections
With party membership, going down, pressure groups fill a gap

40
Q

How do you environmental pressure groups increase participation?

A

They have a combined membership of 4.5 million people which is one in 10 UK adults

41
Q

How do you pressure groups help representation and minorities?

A

Democracy can become mob rule
Pressure groups are away of those not well represented or under represented to gain access to decision-making making
They prevent the feared tyranny of the majority

42
Q

How does the Muslim council of Britain help representation and minorities?

A

They work to overcome prejudice, amongst many others against their religion

43
Q

How to pressure groups widen debates by racing issues?

A

Issues that might otherwise go unaddressed can be brought to greater attention
Make sure that all areas of society have a chance to take part in the political process

44
Q

How do the environmental groups wide and debates by raising issues?

A

They thrust Green issues right to the centre of politics, and they started in the 1970s

45
Q

How can pressure groups, concentrate power? (Neg)

A

Many inside of groups are not very visible to the public and have more influence than better known examples
Producer groups might represent businesses and not the workers

46
Q

How does the national national Association of British and Irish Millers concentrate power?

A

They represent the UK flour industry

47
Q

How can pressure groups create disproportionate influence?

A

The public had the say at an election
If you’re now having to convince the government, the public choose that they need to do what you want. You are at influencing them undemocratically
At worst you are undermining, the will of the people

48
Q

How does the road haulage association create disproportionate influence?

A

They influence government on roads pricing, fuel duty and climate change measures

49
Q

What is the extinction rebellion?

A

It’s an environmental movement with the aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to try and get governments to act on climate change by diversity and ecological issues

50
Q

When did the extinction rebellion form?

A

2018 in the UK

51
Q

What is the symbol of the extinction rebellion?

A

It’s an hourglass showing that time is running out for many species

52
Q

What does the extinction rebellion taking inspiration from the civil rights movement look like

A

Dramatic public protest to raise awareness and rally support around a common sense of urgency to tackle climate change

53
Q

What are the three aims of extinction rebellion?

A

-Governments must tell the truth about how serious situation facing the environment is
-governments must act rapidly to help the current sixth mass extinction event and reduce greenhouse gases to net 0 by 2025
-Government should establish then follow the leader of citizens assembly on climate and ecological justice

54
Q

What type of people are members of extinction rebellion?

A

White middle-class, compared to the rest of society and they are predominantly urban based

55
Q

Who supports extinction rebellion?

A

Emma, Tomphson
Greta Thunberg
Noam Chomsky
NASA. Scientists
Michael Stipe (REM)
Arrange of academics

56
Q

What is the structure of the extinction rebellion?

A

The group is decentralised
It is anyone who takes action in pursuit of the three goals, and who sticks to the 10 principles
They can be claiming to act in the name of XR

57
Q

How many candidates did XR put forward in the last EU election

A

9 -candidates in 2019

58
Q

What is the main method of action for XR

A

Direct action

59
Q

What did extinction rebellion do in April 2019

A

They made 1130 members get arrested

60
Q

When were 1130 members ofXR arrested

A

April 2019

61
Q

How many extinction rebellion members were arrested in October 2019

A

1832

62
Q

In 2018, what did extinction rebellion do to London Bridge?

A

They had 6000 people block five London bridges

63
Q

What did extinction rebellion do to the treasury?

A

They sprayed it with 1800 L of fake blood

64
Q

How many cities did extinction rebellion have events take place in in October 2019

A

60 cities worldwide, with 30,000 activist, taking part in London alone

65
Q

What are four multiple places that the extinction rebellion have protested at

A

The BBC
Stock exchange
National portrait Gallery
Google

66
Q

How many times was the action in 2019 mentioned over online media?

A

70,000 times in online media reports it was mentioned

67
Q

What is shelter?

A

It’s a charity that 6 to end homelessness and bad housing in England and Scotland

68
Q

When was shelter, founded?

A

1966

69
Q

What are shelters, two distinct aims?

A

-To provide advice, practical, assistance and advocacy for people in need
-Lobbying government for better investments in housing for laws, and policies to improve the lives of homeless or badly housed people

70
Q

What services do shelter provide?

A

National helpline running 365 days a year that helped over 41,000 households last year

Free legal advice for those who have lost their homes or face eviction

71
Q

How many times was shelters website visited for advice last year?

A

4.3 million times

72
Q

What do shelter do about research and policy?

A

They carry out research to understand the problems
They developed policy solutions

73
Q

What is two policy solutions did shelter provide

A
  • they caused the government to commit to ending section 21 “ no fault” evictions
  • banks and property companies changed policy on “ no DSS” policies with government, stating its intention to crack down on this discrimination
74
Q

Give an example of shelters, campaigning

A

They asked people to sign a petition for government to build more social housing

75
Q

What was shelter, successful campaign that started in 2013?

A
  • it was against letting agent fees that saw companies charge for removing facilities, credit checks supplying a new dustpan and brush…
  • One in seven renters had paid over £5000 in arbitrary fees
76
Q

What did shelter have the law change to stop?

A

Revenge, evictions
Where tenants who had complained to their landlords, would then be kicked out of their home

77
Q

How did shelter change the law to stop revenge, evictions

A

They contacted almost every MP in the country
The housing minister and 60 MPs would then at the debates that passed the law

78
Q

What was shelters income between 2016 and 2017?

A

£61,000,000

79
Q

What percent of their funding comes from what three sections

A

54% came from donations
29% came from other advice and support services
14% came from their charity shops

80
Q

How much did shelter spend on fundraising out of the income they had in 2016 to 2017

A

They spent £19,000,000 of this on fundraising

81
Q

How is M&S, a corporate partner of shelter?

A

They have a Christmas range, where 5% of the cost goes to shelter

82
Q

How are B&Q, corporate partners of shelter?

A

They run a DIY skills and advisor service

83
Q

How are nationwide, a corporate partner to shelter?

A

They donate and lifted restrictions on customers getting by select mortgages for renting to DSS tenants

84
Q

How is HSBC, a corporate partner of shelter?

A

They donate and help set homeless people up with bank accounts, which are often essential in renting accommodations

85
Q

What did Shelton do in September 20 20 to do with the media

A

They released one story every week to the UK press about help for renters over winter, no DSS court case, affordable homes, and unused planning permissions

politics (13 decks)

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