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Biomechanics > Presentations > Flashcards

Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

What position does a SLAP lesion occur in?

A

12:00 position

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2
Q

What causes SLAP lesion?

A

acute trauma or repetitive motion

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3
Q

What are the associated pathologies of a SLAP lesion?

A

Bankart lesion

Rotator cuff lesion

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4
Q

Type I SLAP Lesion:

A

Fraying of the superior labrum

No detachment at the biceps tendon insertion

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5
Q

Type II SLAP lesion:

A

Detachment of the superior labrum and biceps tendon

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6
Q

Type III SLAP lesion

A

Bucket handle tear of superior labrum

Intact biceps

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7
Q

Type IV SLAP lesion

A

Bucket handle tear of superior labrum

Tearing of the biceps tendon

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8
Q

What is GIRD due to?

A

contracture of posterior, inferior portion of the joint capsule

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9
Q

What phase does a SLAP lesion occur?

A

late cocking phase or during deceleration

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10
Q

Signs and Symptoms of SLAP lesion:

A

decreased strength
decreased ROM (including IR)
popping and catching
pain inside shoulder

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11
Q

What are the tests for a SLAP lesion?

A 
Biceps load Test II
Passive Compresion Test
Anterior Slide Test
Supine Flexion Resistance Test (Type II Slap lesion)
O'Brien's test
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12
Q

What are the treatments for a SLAP lesion?

A

rest
NSAID
rehab

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13
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

entrapment of the median nerve while passing the wrist

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel?

A
  • Paresthesias (numbness, tingling, burning) involving the median nerve distribution (first 3 digits and median half of 4th digit)
  • Increasing pain in the hand with repetitive use
  • Deep aching pain in the wrist
  • intermittent and worse at night
  • wasting of thenar and first two lumbricals
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15
Q

What does the rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps cause?

A

flexion and supination losses
pain in the elbow
can be partial or complete tear

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16
Q

What is the MOI of biceps rupture?

A

a single, unanticipated extension force that is placed on the elbow when it is in the flexed position

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17
Q

Where does a biceps rupture occur?

A

distal end where it inserts into radial tuberosity

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18
Q

What are the two main causes of bicep tendon tears?

A
  • injury (force of 40 kg or more against resistance from an elbow in about 90 degrees of flexion
  • overuse (fraying over time)
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19
Q

What are risk factors for tendon tear?

A 
age
heavy overhead activities
shoulder overuse
smoking
corticosteriod medications
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20
Q

ADLs usually require:

A

30-130 of flexion (100 degrees total)

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21
Q

During flexion at humero-ulnar joint:

A

concave surface of trochlear notch of ulna rolls and slides anteriorly on the convex trochlea

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22
Q

Flexion and extension at humero-radial joint:

A

fovea of radius rolling and sliding across rounded capitulum

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23
Q

Average amount of pronation rotation

A

75 degrees

24
Q

Average amount of supination rotation

A

85 degrees

25
Q

Clinical features of bicep tendon tear:

A

pop at elbow when tendon ruptures
pain is severe at first, but subsides after 1-2 weeks
swelling at elbow
bruising in elbow and forearm
pain and weakness of elbow flexion and forearm supination

26
Q

Cervical Disc Herniation:

A

linked to a variety of neuropathic problems and often times resulting in severe pain, resulting in decrease quality of life

27
Q

What are neuropathic complicxations?

A

neck and arm pain accompanied by changes in motor, sensory and reflex changes

28
Q

Primary motion of C1 (atlas)

A

flexion and extension

29
Q

Primary motion of C2 (axis)

A

rotation

30
Q

What are the 4 parts of the vertebral artery?

A

pre-transverse VA
cervical Va
suboccipital VA
intracranial VA

31
Q

Cranial motion in sagittal plane:

A

flexion and extension

protraction and retraction

32
Q

Cranial motion in the horizontal plane:

A

axial rotation

33
Q

Cranial motion in the frontal plane:

A

lateral flexion

34
Q

Stable cervical spine injury:

A

compression fracture
traumatic disk herniation
unilateral facet dislocations

35
Q

Unstable cervical spine injury

A

fracture-dislocations

bilateral facet dislocations

36
Q

MOI of cervical spinal injury

A

aging and degeneration
traumatic injury
acute disk injury

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of cervical spine injury

A 
ipsilateral pain in the neck
radiating pain down the arm and fingers
numbness or tingling
neck flexion and arm abduction
decreased sensation to pain, touch or vibration
cervical radiculopathy
cervical myelopathy
38
Q

Why is the AC joint susceptible to dislocation?

A

because of the sloped nature of the articulation and the high probability of receiving a large shearing force

39
Q

What is the MOI for AC joint separation?

A

Blunt trauma

Force applied directly over the superolateral border of the shoulder usually during a fall with the humerus adducted

40
Q

What are the primary movements of AC joint?

A

upward and downward rotation

41
Q

What are the secondary movements of the AC joint?

A

external and internal rotation

anterior and posterior tilting

42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of AC joint separation?

A 
pain, regional swelling, and bruising
decreased ROM
Scapular weakness
hypermobile clavicle
elevated clavicle
43
Q

Where is a proximal stress fracture?

A

the greater trochanter, femoral neck or in the femoral head

Most often the greater trochanter

44
Q

What are risk factors for hip fractures?

A 
cardiovascular disease
heart failure
smoking
tall stature
stroke 
dementia
45
Q

MOI for stress fractures?

A

overuse
repetitive microtrauma
repetitive high loading which lead to weakened bone trabeculae

46
Q

Femoral on pelvic arthrokinematics:

A

convex on concave

opposite slide and roll

47
Q

Pelvic on femoral arthrokinematics:

A

concave on convex: roll and slide in same direction

48
Q

Angle of inclination:

A

angle between the shaft of the femur and the femoral neck

49
Q

Which individuals are at a higher risk to develop stress fractures at femoral neck?

A

coxa vara individuals

50
Q

What is a high risk stress fracture?

A

proximal femur is considered high risk if it is on the superolateral side of the femur
tension side

51
Q

What is a low risk stress fracture?

A

A stress fracture on the inferomedial side of the femur is considered low risk.
compression side

52
Q

What is medial apophysitis?

A

little leaguer’s elbow

a growth plate injury on the medial or inner aspect of the elbow

53
Q

What have the highest rate of injury incidence?

A

late cocking and acceleration phases of throwing

54
Q

When does maximum valgus strain occur?

A

around 90 degrees

55
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of medial apophysitis?

A

slightly swollen warm and tender bump of the inner elbow
elbow pain with use of elbow, wrist and forearm muscles
pain that gets worse when bending the wrist against force

56
Q

What increases the risk of medial apophysitis?

A 
throwing sports
conditioning routines that are too intense
overweight
poor strength and flexibility
rapid skeletal growth

Biomechanics (13 decks)

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