Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biomechanics > Ankle/Foot > Flashcards

Ankle/Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ankle primarily refer to?

A

talocrural joint: articulation among tibia, fibula, and talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does foot refer to?

A

all tarsal bones and joints distal to ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the rearfoot?

A

hindfoot) consists of talus, calcaneus, and subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the midfoot?

A

consists of remaining tarsal bones, including transverse tarsal joint and distal intertarsal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the forefoot?

A

consists of metatarsals and phalanges, including tarsometatarsal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What transfers 10% of body weight?

A

shaft of fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Distal end of tibia twisted externally around its long axis approximately______relative to its proximal end

A

20-30 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the wrist referred to as?

A

lateral tibial torsion, based on orientation of bone’s distal end relative to its proximal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major joints of the ankle?

A

talocrural, subtalar, and transverse tarsal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

70% of the talus surface is covered with what?

A

articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plane and AOR of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

A

parallel to sagittal plane

ML AOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plane and AOR of eversion and inversion?

A

parallel to frontal plane

AP AOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plane and AOR of abduction and adduction?

A

parallel to horizontal plane and vertical AOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pronation defined as motion that has elements of:

A

Eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Supination defined as motion that has elements of:

A

Inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What provides major source of natural stability to ankle?

A

confining shapr of talocrural joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage of compressive forces pass through the talus and tibia?

A

90-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percentage of compressive forces pass through lateral region of talus and fibula?

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arthrokinematics of dorsiflexion at talocrural joint:

A

talus rolls forward relative to leg and slides posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Arthrokinematics of plantar flexion at talocrural joint:

A

talus rolls posteriorly as bone slide anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can extreme and violent dorsiflexion of ankle (leg over foot) do:

A
  • can injure collateral ligaments

- injure ligaments that support distal tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane (high ankle sprain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the loose packed position of the talocrural joint:

A

full plantar flexion (slackens most collateral ligaments of the ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pronation and supination during non weight-bearing activities:

A

calcaneus moves relative to fixed talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In weight bearing (stance phase of walking) pronation and supination occur:

A

as calcaneus remains relative stationary

25
What are the three articulations of the subtalar joint?
the posterior, middle, and anterior facets of calcaneus and talus
26
Prominent posterior articulation of subtalar joint occupies about what?
70% of total articular surface area
27
AOR of the subtalar joint:
pierces lateral-posterior heel and courses through subtalar joint in anterior, medial, and superior directions
28
Where is the AOR of the subtalar joint positioned?
42° from horizontal plane and 16° from sagittal plane
29
Pronation and supination of subtalar joint occurs:
as calcaneus moves relative to talus (or vice versa when foot planted) in arc perpendicular to AoR
30
What two of the three main components of pronation and supination are strongly evident:
inversion/eversion | abduction/adduction
31
Pronation has main components of:
eversion and abduction
32
Supination has main components of
inversion and adduction
33
Inversion exceeds eversion by:
nearly double inversion=22.6 degrees eversion=12.5 degrees
34
What composes the mid-tarsal joint:
Talonavicular joint | Calcaneocuboid joint
35
The mid tarsal joint connects:
rearfoot and midfoot
36
The tarsal joint moves through what kind of path?
more oblique, equally through all three planes
37
What joints function cooperatively to control most of pronation and supination posturing of entire foot?
transverse tarsal and subtalar joints
38
Transverse tarsal joints allow for what of midfoot while standing on uneven surfaces?
pronation/supination
39
What does the talonavicular joint resemble?
ball and socket
40
What does the talonavicular joint provide?
substantial mobility to medial (longitudinal) column of foot
41
What is mobility of talnavicular joint expressed as?
twisting (inverting and everting) of midfoot relative to rearfoot
42
What does the talonavicular joint consist of?
talus, navicular and spring ligament
43
What forms the lateral component of transverse tarsal joint?
junction of anterior (distal) surface of calcaneus with proximal surface of cuboid
44
What does the Relative inflexibility of calcaneocuboid joint provide?
stability to lateral (longitudinal) column of foot
45
What muscle is the prime supinator of the foot?
tibialis posterior
46
What rarely moves without the subtalar joint?
transverse tarsal joint
47
What accounts for most of pronation and supination throughout foot?
Combining motions across subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
48
What are the two AOR for movement at transverse tarsal joint?
Longitudinal axis: eversion and inversion | Oblique axis: abduction/dorsiflexion and adduction/plantar flexion
49
What is the amount of pure inversoin/eversion of midfoot?
20-25° of inversion and 10-15° of eversion
50
What is the primary load-bearing and shock-absorbing structure of foot?
medial longitudinal arch
51
What are the bones of the medial arch?
calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and associated three medial metatarsals
52
What nonmuscular structures maintain height and general shape of arch?
plantar fascia, spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular), and first tarsometatarsal joint
53
During standing, what structure maintains height of medial longitudinal arch?
deep plantar fascia
54
What is pes planus?
flattening or arch
55
What is pes cavus?
abnormally raised medial longitudinal arch
56
What motions of the hip are associated with exaggerates pronation of subtalar joint during weight bearing?
Internal rotation, flexion, and adduction
57
What motions of the knee are associated with exaggerates pronation of subtalar joint during weight bearing?
Increased valgus stress
58
What motions of the rearfoot are associated with exaggerates pronation of subtalar joint during weight bearing?
Pronation (eversion) with a lowering of medial longitudinal arch

Biomechanics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions