Present Subjunctive Flashcards
How do you form the present subjunctive?
- yo form of the present indicative
- drop the final “O”
- add the subjunctive ending (AR- “e”/ ER- “a”/ IR- “a”)
Conjugate: Hablar
hable hablemos
hables
hable hablen
Conjugate: Comer
coma comamos
comas
coma coman
Conjugate: Vivir
viva vivamos
vivas
viva vivan
Present subjunctive of Hay
haya
Irregular Subjunctives: dar
dé demos
des
dé den
Irregular Subjunctives: ser
sea seamos
seas
sea sean
Irregular Subjunctives: saber
sepa sepamos
sepas
sepa sepan
Irregular Subjunctives: ir
vaya vayamos
vayas
vaya vayan
Irregular Subjunctives: estar
esté estemos
estés
esté estén
Stem changing IR verbs follow the same pattern as the present indicative but have an additional change in the nosotros/as form. (dormir, preferir)
duerma durmamos prefiera prefiamos
duermas prefieras
duerma duerman prefiera prefieran
Irregular Subjunctives: sacar
saque saquemos
saques
saque saquen
Irregular Subjunctives: jugar
juegue juguemos
juegues
juegue jueguen
Irregular Subjunctives: recoger
recoja recojamos
recojas
recoja recojan
Irregular Subjunctives: almorzar
almuerce almorcemos
almuerces
almuerce almuercen
Irregular Subjunctives: seguir
siga sigamos
sigas
siga sigan
When do you use the subjunctive?
W-E-I-R-D-O
- Wishes or desires
- emotions
- impersonal observation
- recommendation
- doubt or denial
- ojalá
Common verbs that express expectations, wants, and hopes.
desear, esperar, necesitar, preferir, and querer
Verbs that express an intention to influence the actions of others.
aconsejar, pedir, permitir, prohibir, recomendar
Impersonal expressions
Es necesario, es importante, es bueno, and es mejor (all followed by que)
Verbs that express emotion
alegrarse (de)- to be glad (about) encantar(le)- to love estar contento/a (de)- to be happy (about) gustar(le)- to like molestar(le)- to bother sentir- to feel temer- to fear
In adjective clauses, when do you use the subjunctive?
When the adjective clause refers to a person, place, or thing that does not exist or whose existence is unknown or in question.
Impersonal expressions that denote doubt or uncertainty.
es dudoso que, es difícil que, es probable que, and es posible que
Use the indicative with impersonal expressions that denote certainty.
es cierto/verdad que, es seguro que, es obvio que
