Prescribing Flashcards
What important points are under the Medicines and Related Substances Act (101 of 1965)
- To provide for the registration of medicines (human and animal use)
- To provide for registration of medical devices
- Establishment of a Medicines Control Council
- To schedule substances and medical devices
- To control manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors
- To control persons compounding and dispensing medicines
What important points are under the Health Professions Act 956 of 1974)
- To establish the Health Professions Council of South Africa
- To provide control over the training, registration and practices of health professionals
- To advise the Minister on professional practice, democracy, transparency, equity, accessibility and community involvement
- Health promotion of the population of the Republic
- Co-ordinates activities of the professional boards
What important points are under the Health Act (63 of 1977) and NHA (61 of 2003)
- To provide measures for the promotion of the health of the inhabitants of South Africa
- To provide rendering of Health services
- To define the duties, powers and responsibilities of certain authorities which render health services
- To provide for the co-ordination of health services
What important points are under the Pharmacy Act (53 of 1974)
- To provide for the establishment of the South African Pharmacy Council
- To provide for pharmacy education and training
- To provide requirements for registration and practice of pharmacy
- Matters pertaining to ownership of pharmacies and disciplinary powers
What does scheduling depend on?
Dosage Form Pack size Amount of active ingredient Pharmacological action Abuse potential Chemical classification
Comment on the selling of any schedule 0 substance
Any Schedule 0 substance may be sold in an open shop
Comment on the selling of any schedule 1 substance
Only sold by
- a pharmacist, or a pharmacist intern or pharmacist’s assistant acting under the personal supervision of a pharmacist;
- .a manufacturer of, or wholesale dealer in pharmaceutical products for sale to any person who may lawfully possess such substance;
- a medical practitioner, nurse, dentist, or a person registered under the Health Professions act 1974 who may—prescribe such substance; or compound and dispense such substance only if he or she is the holder of a licence as contemplated in section 22C(1)(a);
- a veterinarian who may prescribe, compound or dispense such substance
Not to:
to any person under the age of 14 years, except upon a prescription issued by an authorised prescriber , or on a written order disclosing the purpose for which such substance is to be used and bears a signature known to the seller as the signature of a person known to such seller and who is apparently over the age of 14 years
Comment on the selling of any schedule 2 substance
Same as schedule 1
May repeat up to 6 months
May repeat for 30 days in accordance with original script
Not <25% of the quantity
How long should the pharmacist retain the prescription?
> 5years
Comment on the selling of any schedule 3 substance
Same as schedule 1
May repeat up to 6 months
May repeat for 30 days in accordance with original script
Not <25% of the quantity
Comment on the selling of any schedule 4 substance
Same as schedule 1
May repeat up to 6 months
May repeat for 30 days in accordance with original script
Not <25% of the quantity
Comment on the selling of any schedule 5 substance
Not prescribed longer than 6 month unless consultation with psychiatrist (anxiolytics) or GP (analgesics)
In emergency dose of 48 hours on verbal instruction of known prescriber with original prescription within 72 hours
Comment on the selling of any schedule 6 substance
In emergency dose of 48 hours on verbal instruction of known prescriber with original prescription within 72 hours
Not repeatable
<30 days
Name schedule 5/6 substances
Barbiturates BZDs Flumazenil Meprobamate Pemoline Phentermine Pipradol Zolpidem
What age considerations are important when writing a prescription?
Organ impairment
TCAs/quinolones in children
Microorganisms in age groups
What patient condition considerations are important when writing a prescription?
BPH = no anticholinergics
What disease contraindication considerations are important when writing a prescription?
Beta blockers and asthma
What medicine interaction considerations are important when writing a prescription?
Warfarin
NSAIDs
Broad spectrum antibiotics
What allergy considerations are important when writing a prescription?
Iodine
Penicillin
Sulphas
What is the black box warning of isotretinoin?
Teratogenecity
What is the black box warning of zolpidem?
Sleepwalking
How do you abbreviate every 8 hours?
q8h
How do you abbreviate every 12 hours?
q12h
How do you abbreviate four times daily?
qid
How do you abbreviate ‘as directed’?
mdu
How do you abbreviate drops?
Gutt
How do you abbreviate after meals?
Pc
How do you abbreviate original packsize?
o.P
How do you abbreviate direction?
sig
How do you abbreviate give?
Mitte
How do you abbreviate as much as need
adlib
How do you abbreviate if needed
prn
How do you abbreviate before meals
Ac
How do you abbreviate with meals
Cc
How do you abbreviate with meals
Cc
With what do you need to register to claim from any medical aid?
Board of Healthcare Funders of South Africa
When must you issue a medical certificatee?
> 1 day absent
>2 x in 8 weeks
Explain adverse effect vs side effect
Adverse = harm at normal dose Side = harm at any dose
What is ADR A?
Augmented effects
Dose dependent and predictable
What is ADR B?
Bizarre effects
Dose independent and unpredictable
What is ADR C?
Chronic effect
What is ADR D?
Delayed effect
What is ADR E?
End of treatment effect
What is ADR F?
Failure of therapy
