Antivirals Flashcards
Name antiherpes virus agents
Aciclovir Valaciclovir Penciclovir (labialis) Famciclovir Trifluridine (keratitis)
What are the side ffects of most antiherpes virus agents?
Nephrotoxicity
What is the side effect of ganciclovir?
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
For which virus is ganciclovir used?
CMV
What are the two groups of respiratory antivirals
M2-ion channel inhibitors
- amantadine
- rimantadine
Neuraminidase inhibitors
- zanamivir
- oseltamivir
- peramivir
What is the con of M2 ion channel inhibitors?
Only active against influenza A
Name indications for ribavirin
HCV
RSV
CCHF
What is the current treatment of HCV?
Peginterferon
Ribavirin
Name side effects of peginterferon
Influenza-like symptoms
Neuropsychiatric
Haematological
AI disorder
Name side effects of ribavirin
Haemolytic anemia
Teratogenic
What is the future of HCV treatment?
Direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs)
- sofosbuvir
- simeprevir
- daclastasvir
Discuss the chronic treatment of HBV
Interferon alpha Entecavir Tenofovir Lamivudine Emtricitabine
Name the four kinds of antiretroviral agents
- Entry inhibitors
- fusion inhibitor
- CCR5 inhibitor - Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- NRTI
- NNRTI - Integrase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
Name a fusion inhibitor
Enfuvirtide
Name a CCR5 antagonist
Maraviroc
Name nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Thymidine analogues - stavudine - zidovudine Adenosine analogue - didanosine Cytosine analogues - lamivudine - emtricitabine Guanosine analogue - abacivir
What are the side effects of zidovudine?
Neutropenia
Anemia
What are the side effects of abacivir?
Hypersensitivity reaction
What are the side effects of didanosine?
Lactic acidosis
Peripheral neuropathy
What are the side effects of stavudine?
Lactic acidosis
Peripheral neuropathy
Name nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Tenofovir
What is the side effect of tenofovir?
Nephrotoxicity
Name non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
1st gen - efavirenz - nevirapine 2nd gen - etraviine
Name side effects of nevirapine
SJS
Hepatotoxicity
Name side effects of efavirenz
CNS
Name integrase inhibitors
Raltegravir
Dolutegravir
Name protease inhibitors
Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Atazanavir
Darunavir
Discuss the 1st line ART guidelines
Adults & adolescents ≥10 years of age & ≥35kg
– TDF + 3TC + DTG = TLD (as fixed dose combination) OR
– TDF + FTC + EFV = TEE (as fixed dose combination)
- Indicated during first trimester of pregnancy and clients making an
informed choice on EFV use
Children <10 years; 20 - 35kg
– ABC + 3TC + DTG
≥4wks of age & ≥42wks gestation; 3 - 20kg
– ABC + 3TC + LPV/r
Birth - <4wks of age; 2.5 - 3kg
– AZT + 3TC + NVP
