Antivirals

Question 1

Name antiherpes virus agents

Answer 1

Aciclovir
Valaciclovir
Penciclovir (labialis)
Famciclovir
Trifluridine (keratitis)

Question 2

What are the side ffects of most antiherpes virus agents?

Answer 2

Nephrotoxicity

Question 3

What is the side effect of ganciclovir?

Answer 3

Neutropenia

Thrombocytopenia

Question 4

For which virus is ganciclovir used?

Answer 4

CMV

Question 5

What are the two groups of respiratory antivirals

Answer 5

M2-ion channel inhibitors

• amantadine
• rimantadine

Neuraminidase inhibitors

• zanamivir
• oseltamivir
• peramivir

Question 6

What is the con of M2 ion channel inhibitors?

Answer 6

Only active against influenza A

Question 7

Name indications for ribavirin

Answer 7

HCV
RSV
CCHF

Question 8

What is the current treatment of HCV?

Answer 8

Peginterferon

Ribavirin

Question 9

Name side effects of peginterferon

Answer 9

Influenza-like symptoms
Neuropsychiatric
Haematological
AI disorder

Question 10

Name side effects of ribavirin

Answer 10

Haemolytic anemia

Teratogenic

Question 11

What is the future of HCV treatment?

Answer 11

Direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs)

• sofosbuvir
• simeprevir
• daclastasvir

Question 12

Discuss the chronic treatment of HBV

Answer 12

Interferon alpha
Entecavir
Tenofovir
Lamivudine
Emtricitabine

Question 13

Name the four kinds of antiretroviral agents

Answer 13

1. Entry inhibitors
   - fusion inhibitor
   - CCR5 inhibitor
2. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
   - NRTI
   - NNRTI
3. Integrase inhibitors
4. Protease inhibitors

Question 14

Name a fusion inhibitor

Answer 14

Enfuvirtide

Question 15

Name a CCR5 antagonist

Answer 15

Maraviroc

Question 16

Name nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 16

Thymidine analogues
- stavudine
- zidovudine
Adenosine analogue
- didanosine
Cytosine analogues
- lamivudine
- emtricitabine
Guanosine analogue
- abacivir

Question 17

What are the side effects of zidovudine?

Answer 17

Neutropenia

Anemia

Question 18

What are the side effects of abacivir?

Answer 18

Hypersensitivity reaction

Question 19

What are the side effects of didanosine?

Answer 19

Lactic acidosis

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 20

What are the side effects of stavudine?

Answer 20

Lactic acidosis

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 21

Name nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 21

Tenofovir

Question 22

What is the side effect of tenofovir?

Answer 22

Nephrotoxicity

Question 23

Name non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 23

1st gen
- efavirenz
- nevirapine
2nd gen
- etraviine

Question 24

Name side effects of nevirapine

Answer 24

SJS

Hepatotoxicity

Question 25

Name side effects of efavirenz

Answer 25

CNS

Question 26

Name integrase inhibitors

Answer 26

Raltegravir

Dolutegravir

Question 27

Name protease inhibitors

Answer 27

Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Atazanavir
Darunavir

Question 28

Discuss the 1st line ART guidelines

Answer 28

Adults & adolescents ≥10 years of age & ≥35kg
– TDF + 3TC + DTG = TLD (as fixed dose combination) OR
– TDF + FTC + EFV = TEE (as fixed dose combination)
- Indicated during first trimester of pregnancy and clients making an
informed choice on EFV use

Children <10 years; 20 - 35kg
– ABC + 3TC + DTG

≥4wks of age & ≥42wks gestation; 3 - 20kg
– ABC + 3TC + LPV/r

Birth - <4wks of age; 2.5 - 3kg
– AZT + 3TC + NVP