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Pharmacology > Block 18B past paper > Flashcards

Block 18B past paper Flashcards

1
Q 
Match the drug to the side effect
Salbutamol
Beclomethasone
Ipratropium
Ketotifen
Theophylline
A 
Salbutamol - palpitations
Beclomethasone - oral thrush
Ipratropium - constipation
Ketotifen - drowsiness
Theophylline - insomnia
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2
Q

ACE-I does not have which side effect?

A

Hypokalemia

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3
Q

2 drug combination that you would give to a patient with BP 180/120 type I diabetic

A

ACE I (enalapril) and diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide)

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4
Q 
Name the drug class of the following drugs
Nifedipine
Doxazosin
Alpha methyldopa
Propranolol
Guanethidine
A 
Nifedipine - CCB
Doxazosin - alpha 1 blocker
Alpha methyldopa - alpha 2 agonist
Propranolol - beta blocker
Guanethidine - ganglion blocker
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5
Q

What is not a defensive factor in the pathogenesis of PUD?

A

Does not increase in H+ ion production

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6
Q

What is the MOA of tetracycline

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at 305 subunit

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7
Q

What is the MOA of cotrimoxazole

A

Interferes with bacterial folate synthesis

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8
Q

What is the MOA of erythromycin

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at 505 subunit

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9
Q

What is the MOA of amoxicillin

A

Intereferes with cross-linking of peptidoglycans

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10
Q

What is the MOA of ciprofloxacin

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase + topoisomerase

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11
Q

Which drug class eradicates H pylori?

A

AB therapy

PPI

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12
Q

Which drug class reduces secretion of gastric acid?

A

PPI

H2 receptor antagonists

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13
Q

Which drug class provides agents that protect the gastric mucosa

A

Misoprostol

Sucralfate, alginates, bismuth

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14
Q

Which drug class neutralizes gastric acid?

A

Non-absorbable antacids

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15
Q

What are causative factors in the pathogenesis of PUD?

A

NSAIDS
Infection with Helicobacter pylori
Increased hydrochloric acid secretion
Inadequate mucosal defence against gastric acid

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16
Q

What are the principles of management in PUD?

A

Symptomatic relief
Promoting of ulcer healing
Prevention of recurrence once healing has occurred
Prevention of complications

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17
Q

Peptic ulcers can appear and disappear spontaneously

True or false?

A

True

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18
Q

What are the long term effects of ACE-inhibitors?

A 
Cough (15% of patients. Is reversible) -> suggests intolerance of whole group
Taste disturbance (reversible)
Angiodema
First-dose hypotension
Hyperkalaemia (esp. in patients with type II DM and renal dysfunction)
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19
Q

Function and dosage off hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Can lower the dose and still have a effect (12.5mg - 25mg)
Vasodilator
Diuretic

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20
Q

Side effects of hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperlipidaemia
Hyperglycemia

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21
Q

Treatment of allergic rhinitis?

A

1st line = intranasal corticosteroids

Other: oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, decongestants e.g pseudoephidrine

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22
Q

Why do intranasal corticosteroids have a delayed effect?

A

DNA changes

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23
Q

What are mediators of rhinitis symptoms?

A 
Histamine
Destabilised mast cells
TNF
Leukotrienes
Cytokines
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24
Q

Side effects of new generation antihistamines?

A

Sedation
Raised IOP
Prostate hypertrophy

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25
Q

Types of rhinitis?

A

Allergic
Vasomotor
Infective

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26
Q

What is the allergic reaction incidence in penicillin?

A

High

27
Q

Pharmacological treatment of anaphylaxis and mechanism of action

A

Adrenaline
Adrenocorticosteroids
Antihistamine
Aminophylline

Decrease bronchoconstriction
Increase BP
Stop angioedema
Reverse bradycardia

28
Q

What do you use when penicillin or cephalosporins cannot be used?

A

Macrolides e.g clarithromycin

29
Q

Most common UTI pathogen?

A

E.coli

30
Q

Treatment of e.coli infection?

A

1st line: co-trimoxazole
Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone

31
Q

Which drug inhibits the liver metabolism of warfarin?

A

Ciprofloxacin

32
Q

Side effect of tetracyline use in children?

A

Teeth discolouration

33
Q

H. pylori is responsible for what percentage of ulcers?

A

70% gastric

90% duodenal

34
Q

Aliminium salt antacids have what side effect?

A

Constipation

35
Q

Mechanism of action of penicillin?

A

Attacks cell wall

36
Q

Mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Ribosomal inhibitors

37
Q

Atypical pathogens in community acquire pneumonia

A

Chlamydia pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella spp

38
Q

Treatment of CAP?

A

Macrolides

39
Q

Which drug do you not use in asthma?

A

Atenolol (beta 1 blocker)

Will cause bronchospasm

40
Q

What is the mainstay of asthma treatment?

A

Corticosteroids

41
Q

Common side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Oral thrush

Dysphonia (hoarseness)

42
Q

Side effect of theophylline?

A

Insomnia

43
Q

Side effect of bismuth?

A

Black mouth

44
Q

Side effect of magnesium hydroxide?

A

Diarrhoea

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin?

A

Inhibits ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules to interfere with metabolism and cell wall synthesis

46
Q

Sucralfate only reacts in a basic environment

True or false?

A

False

47
Q

Alginates are safe in pregnancy

True or false?

A

True

48
Q

Prostaglandins (e.g. misoprostol) cannot be given to pregnant people
True or false?

A

True

49
Q

Which drug class can cause nasal congestion?

A

Alpha blockers

50
Q

Histamine is the only mediator of inflammation

True or false?

A

False

51
Q

H. pylori is a spirochete

True or false

A

False

52
Q

Characteristics of PUD

A

Occurs after eating or at night,
Worsens when a person lies down or bends over.
Is common in pregnant women
May be triggered by consuming food in large quantities, or specific foods containing certain spices,
high fat content, or high acid content

53
Q

Danger signs in PUD?

A

Dysphagia
Weight loss
Haematemesis

54
Q

In PUD, dyspepsia combined with what is a danger sign?

A

Family history

Palpable virchow’s nodes

55
Q

Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells is stimulated by?

A

Acetylcholine
Histamine
Gastrin

56
Q

The presence of bile in vomit does not indicate heartburn

True or false

A

True

57
Q

Omeprazole inhibits which enzyme?

A

CYP450

58
Q

Side effect of prolonged omeprazole use?

A

Low vitamin B12

59
Q

Side effects of PPIs

A

Hypomagnesemia
Facture risk
Diarrhoea (c. difficile)

60
Q

Cimetidine affects which enzyme?

A

CYP450

61
Q

What are H2 histamine receptor blockers best for?

A

Good for nocturnal acid secretion

62
Q

PPI vs H2 histamine receptor blockers?

A

PPI - irreversible

H2 - reversible

63
Q

When does bismuth subcitrate precipitate?

A

Acidic pH

64
Q

Side effect of calcium antacids?

A

Rebound acid hypersecretion

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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