preoperative packet: unit 1

Question 1

what are 6 preoperative nursing responsibilities for most common screening test

Answer 1

CBC
urinalysis
ekg
chest xray
blood type and cross match
cmp or bmp

Question 2

how does a nurse prepare a patient physically before an operation

Answer 2

assess npo status
prepare skin w a surgical scrub
bowel preparation
administer preoperative medications
gown
remove all extra belongings on body (including undergarments)
verify id bands are on

Question 3

what information is pertinent to communicate with surgical team

Answer 3

allergies
medical history
height/ weight
vitals
last menstrual period
other significant findings

Question 4

who are the people that must be sterile during surgery

Answer 4

scrub nurse
surgeon

Question 5

what does a scrub nurse do during operation

Answer 5

sterile
sets up sterile field, prepares instruments, assists with sterile draping, responds to surgeons needs

Question 6

what does the circulating nurse do during operation

Answer 6

non sterile
applies nursing process
advocates for client
monitors client and sterile field
communicates with personnel outside of OR
attends to client during induction of anesthesia

Question 7

what are the 4 types of anesthesia

Answer 7

general
conscious (moderate) sedation
regional
local

Question 8

what are some complications of general anesthesia

Answer 8

hypoxia
respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction
hypo/ hyper tension
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
residual muscle paralysis
malignant hypothermia

Question 9

what are must do’s for client safety for surgeries

Answer 9

skin prep
positioning the client
final verification of correct: client, procedure, site
sterile field
monitor i/o
sponge, sharps, and instruments count
documentation

Question 10

what is the PACU

Answer 10

area in which patient is supervised directly after surgery

Question 11

what is monitored in the pacu

Answer 11

recovery from anesthesia
airway management
level of consciousness
vital signs
mobility and sensation
dressing and drainage assessment
fluid balance
pain control

Question 12

what is the vitals schedule post surgery

Answer 12

on arrival to nursing unit
hour 1: every 15 minutes
hour 2: every 30 minutes
hour 3,4,5,6: once an hour
after: every 4 hours

Question 13

what are nursing interventions to prevent postoperative complications

Answer 13

anti- embolism stockings (compresses veins and increases venous return to the heart)
sequential compression devices
incentive spirometer
gastric suction

Question 14

what is venous throboembolism

Answer 14

formation of blood clot within a deep vein

Question 15

what are risk factors for dvt (deep vein thrombosis)

Answer 15

recent surgery
ulcerative colitis
heart failure
oral contraceptives
immobility

Question 16

what is sepsis

Answer 16

bloodstream infection leading to widespread inflammation

Question 17

symptoms of sepsis

Answer 17

fever or low temperature
difficulty preathing
hypotension
tachycardia
confusion

Question 18

how do you diagnosis sepsis

Answer 18

labs- mainly blood labs

Question 19

how do you treat sepsis

Answer 19

antibiotics and iv fluids

Question 20

what is some differences with absorption when older adults take medication

Answer 20

rate may be slower
drug toxicity may occur later and be prolonged

Question 21

what is some differences with distribution when older adults take medication

Answer 21

elevated plasma concentrations of medications- due to less lean muscle, less total body water

Question 22

what is some differences with metabolism when older adults take medication

Answer 22

liver- blood flow declines
dosage of drug may need to be reduced

Question 23

what is some differences with elimination when older adults take medication

Answer 23

kidney- blood flow declines

Question 24

what is the problem when there is a decline in kidney and liver function with drug interactions

Answer 24

there is an increase amount of drug in the body