IV packet: Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the formula for calculating ggt
amount (mL) / time (minutes or hours depending on label) x ggt
What are 5 advantages to IV therapy
faster administration
faster absorption
can do multiple doses without discomfort
drugs can be administered directly
drugs can be administered intermittently or by continuous infusion
What are 5 disadvantages of iv therapy
extended time to administer
skilled HCP to perform
patient is less mobile
increased risk for infection
increased possibility for severe adverse drug reaction
what practices does the nurse utilize to maintain safety and sterility with iv therapy
hand hygiene, scrub the hub, 7 rights of drugs, keep tubing off floor
What does a proper HCP order contain
date
type of solution/ medication
dosage
rate
frequency
what are open containers in iv therapy
glass or vacuum sealed container that must be VENTED
what are closed containers in iv therapy
soft plastic bag that does not need to be vented and depends on atmospheric pressure
what are some disadvantages to open containers in iv therapy
glass can break
much heavier
what are some disadvantages to closed containers in iv therapy
bag can be punctured
decreases amount received by patient because medication can adhere to bag
non- clear difficult to see particulate matter
cannot easily measure volume in bag
MUST NOT WRITE ON BAG
what size is a macro drip
between 10-20 drops per mL/ min
what size is a micro drip
60 ml/ minute
how long can you wait before changing the peripheral lines (catheter from iv) to continuous running iv
96 hours
how long can you wait before changing the CVAD to continuous running IV
96 hours
how long can solutions be hanging for
24 hours AT MOST
What getting ready to hang IV bag what are 4 things to look for
leaking
particle
expiration date
discoloration
Why do we use IV fluids
when the body is unable to replenish water and electrolytes through food and fluid intake, iv solutions are a replacement
What are some reasons people experience fluid loss
nausea, volimiting, diarrhea, fever (sweating)
GI suctioning
hemorrhage
wound drainage
decreased fluid intake
diabetes
What are the three most common solutes in IV’s
sodium chloride
potassium chloride
dextrose
What is osmosis?
transportation of water from areas of high concentration to low concentration in order to maintain equilibrium
What are the three types of IV solutions
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
What are some IV solutions that are hypotonic
0.2% sodium chloride
0.2% NS (normal saline)
0.45% sodium chloride
What are some IV solutions that are hypertonic
D5W (dextrose in water) 0.5%
D5 0.45% sodium chloride
What are some IV solutions that are isotonic
0.9% sodium chloride or normal saline
What does hypotonic solutions do to a cell and what does hypotonic mean
the cell swells
there is more water in the cell than fluid, sugar and salt
What does hypertonic solutions do to a cell and what does hypertonic mean
the cell shrinks
there is a higher concentration of fluid sugar and salt rather than water
What does isotonic solutions do to a cell and what does isotonic mean
the cell is at equilibrium
there are equal parts concentration and water in a cell
What are some uses for isotonic fluids
to expand extracellular fluid
replacement fluids for acute blood loss
hypovolemia
hypotension
often used for hemorrhage, burns, and wounds
what are some uses for hypotonic fluid
conditions with cellular dehydration to hydrate cells
useful with renal failure and malnutrition
what are some uses for hypertonic fluid
used in cases of extravascular volume overload
What is phlebitis and thrombophlebitis
phlebitis: inflammation of the vein from irritation by catheter, infection, or chemical irritation from medication
thrombophlebitis:inflammation of vein with formation of thrombus (clot)
What are signs and symptoms of phlebitis and what should you do if these were to occur
redness, warmth, tenderness, swelling, burning pain
nursing care: discontinue catheter, elevate extremity, apply warm moist compress, document, ongoing assessment
What is infiltration, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care
leakage of iv solution into tissue surrounding the vein
prevention: anchor catheter securely, inspect iv site regularly
s/s: redness, warmth, swelling, dull ache to pain at site, coolness and blanching
nursing care: compare site to opposite site, stop infusion, elevate extremity, remove catheter, apply warm or cool compress
What is local infection, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care
is caused by improper aseptic technique during venipuncture or IV care, or long- term catheter placement
prevention: aseptic technique and remove catheter in timely manner
s/s: redness, warmth, swelling, burning pain
nursing care: catheter tip may be cultured on mid or central line
What is extravasation, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care
is leakage of irritant chemical into tissue surrounding the vein
prevention: anchor catheter securly, inspect iv site regularly
s/s: redness, warmth, cooling and blanching, swelling, dull ache to pain at site, discoloration of tissue surrounding iv
Nursing care: stop infusion, leave catheter in place, contact provider (may attempt aspiration), elevate, apply ice for 24 hours
What is circulatory overload, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care
occurs when iv fluid infuses too rapidly or too much fluid is infused
prevention: check gravity flow rate frequently, use pump for mid and central lines
s/s: engorged neck veins, dyspnea, edema, bounding pulse, shallow, rapid respirations
nursing care: slow the iv rate, position in high fowlers, administer oxygen, assess vitals
What is pulmonary edema, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care
occurs when fluid overload leads to respiratory distress
prevention: check gravity flow rate frequently, use pump for mid and central lines
s/s: dyspnea, cough, anxiety, thready pulse, elevation or drop in BP, frothy sputum
nursing care: slow the iv rate, position in high fowlers, administer oxygen, assess vitals
What is speed shock, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care
occurs as a systemic reaction to a foreign substance entering the bloodstream too rapidly
prevention: administer iv med at recommended rate, check gravity flow rate frequently, use pump for mid and central lines
s/s: syncope, shock, cardiac arrest
nursing care: stop infusion, maintain iv patency, assess vitals, notify provider, anticipate shock treatment
What is an occlusion
preset psi limit has been exceeded (too much pressure on vein)
What is air-in-line
sensor detected air in the line
what is infusion complete
preset volume has infused
what is not infusing alarm
pump on, but not started/ functional
what is door open alarm
inadequate closure
what are 3 things to check PRIOR to administering IV medications
- compatibility of medications and running iv solutions
- find rate of medication administration (before entering the clients room)
- always practice aseptic technique
What is a piggyback medication
an infusion of a volume of fluid/ medication over a set period of time in prescribed intervals
What are 6 things to remember when doing IV’s
check compatibility
calculate the amount and prepare in syringe
scrub the hub
remove the cap from the syringe, inject
mix or agitate the iv solutions
label the bag, but do not write on the bag
