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Med surg 2 > IV packet: Unit 1 > Flashcards

IV packet: Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for calculating ggt

A

amount (mL) / time (minutes or hours depending on label) x ggt

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2
Q

What are 5 advantages to IV therapy

A

faster administration
faster absorption
can do multiple doses without discomfort
drugs can be administered directly
drugs can be administered intermittently or by continuous infusion

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3
Q

What are 5 disadvantages of iv therapy

A

extended time to administer
skilled HCP to perform
patient is less mobile
increased risk for infection
increased possibility for severe adverse drug reaction

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4
Q

what practices does the nurse utilize to maintain safety and sterility with iv therapy

A

hand hygiene, scrub the hub, 7 rights of drugs, keep tubing off floor

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5
Q

What does a proper HCP order contain

A

date
type of solution/ medication
dosage
rate
frequency

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6
Q

what are open containers in iv therapy

A

glass or vacuum sealed container that must be VENTED

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7
Q

what are closed containers in iv therapy

A

soft plastic bag that does not need to be vented and depends on atmospheric pressure

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8
Q

what are some disadvantages to open containers in iv therapy

A

glass can break
much heavier

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9
Q

what are some disadvantages to closed containers in iv therapy

A

bag can be punctured
decreases amount received by patient because medication can adhere to bag
non- clear difficult to see particulate matter
cannot easily measure volume in bag
MUST NOT WRITE ON BAG

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10
Q

what size is a macro drip

A

between 10-20 drops per mL/ min

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11
Q

what size is a micro drip

A

60 ml/ minute

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12
Q

how long can you wait before changing the peripheral lines (catheter from iv) to continuous running iv

A

96 hours

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13
Q

how long can you wait before changing the CVAD to continuous running IV

A

96 hours

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14
Q

how long can solutions be hanging for

A

24 hours AT MOST

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15
Q

What getting ready to hang IV bag what are 4 things to look for

A

leaking
particle
expiration date
discoloration

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16
Q

Why do we use IV fluids

A

when the body is unable to replenish water and electrolytes through food and fluid intake, iv solutions are a replacement

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17
Q

What are some reasons people experience fluid loss

A

nausea, volimiting, diarrhea, fever (sweating)
GI suctioning
hemorrhage
wound drainage
decreased fluid intake
diabetes

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18
Q

What are the three most common solutes in IV’s

A

sodium chloride
potassium chloride
dextrose

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19
Q

What is osmosis?

A

transportation of water from areas of high concentration to low concentration in order to maintain equilibrium

20
Q

What are the three types of IV solutions

A

hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic

21
Q

What are some IV solutions that are hypotonic

A

0.2% sodium chloride
0.2% NS (normal saline)
0.45% sodium chloride

22
Q

What are some IV solutions that are hypertonic

A

D5W (dextrose in water) 0.5%
D5 0.45% sodium chloride

23
Q

What are some IV solutions that are isotonic

A

0.9% sodium chloride or normal saline

24
Q

What does hypotonic solutions do to a cell and what does hypotonic mean

A

the cell swells
there is more water in the cell than fluid, sugar and salt

25
Q

What does hypertonic solutions do to a cell and what does hypertonic mean

A

the cell shrinks
there is a higher concentration of fluid sugar and salt rather than water

26
Q

What does isotonic solutions do to a cell and what does isotonic mean

A

the cell is at equilibrium
there are equal parts concentration and water in a cell

27
Q

What are some uses for isotonic fluids

A

to expand extracellular fluid
replacement fluids for acute blood loss
hypovolemia
hypotension
often used for hemorrhage, burns, and wounds

28
Q

what are some uses for hypotonic fluid

A

conditions with cellular dehydration to hydrate cells
useful with renal failure and malnutrition

29
Q

what are some uses for hypertonic fluid

A

used in cases of extravascular volume overload

30
Q

What is phlebitis and thrombophlebitis

A

phlebitis: inflammation of the vein from irritation by catheter, infection, or chemical irritation from medication

thrombophlebitis:inflammation of vein with formation of thrombus (clot)

31
Q

What are signs and symptoms of phlebitis and what should you do if these were to occur

A

redness, warmth, tenderness, swelling, burning pain

nursing care: discontinue catheter, elevate extremity, apply warm moist compress, document, ongoing assessment

32
Q

What is infiltration, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care

A

leakage of iv solution into tissue surrounding the vein

prevention: anchor catheter securely, inspect iv site regularly

s/s: redness, warmth, swelling, dull ache to pain at site, coolness and blanching

nursing care: compare site to opposite site, stop infusion, elevate extremity, remove catheter, apply warm or cool compress

33
Q

What is local infection, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care

A

is caused by improper aseptic technique during venipuncture or IV care, or long- term catheter placement

prevention: aseptic technique and remove catheter in timely manner

s/s: redness, warmth, swelling, burning pain

nursing care: catheter tip may be cultured on mid or central line

34
Q

What is extravasation, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care

A

is leakage of irritant chemical into tissue surrounding the vein

prevention: anchor catheter securly, inspect iv site regularly

s/s: redness, warmth, cooling and blanching, swelling, dull ache to pain at site, discoloration of tissue surrounding iv

Nursing care: stop infusion, leave catheter in place, contact provider (may attempt aspiration), elevate, apply ice for 24 hours

35
Q

What is circulatory overload, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care

A

occurs when iv fluid infuses too rapidly or too much fluid is infused

prevention: check gravity flow rate frequently, use pump for mid and central lines

s/s: engorged neck veins, dyspnea, edema, bounding pulse, shallow, rapid respirations

nursing care: slow the iv rate, position in high fowlers, administer oxygen, assess vitals

36
Q

What is pulmonary edema, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care

A

occurs when fluid overload leads to respiratory distress

prevention: check gravity flow rate frequently, use pump for mid and central lines

s/s: dyspnea, cough, anxiety, thready pulse, elevation or drop in BP, frothy sputum

nursing care: slow the iv rate, position in high fowlers, administer oxygen, assess vitals

37
Q

What is speed shock, signs and symptoms, prevention and nursing care

A

occurs as a systemic reaction to a foreign substance entering the bloodstream too rapidly

prevention: administer iv med at recommended rate, check gravity flow rate frequently, use pump for mid and central lines

s/s: syncope, shock, cardiac arrest

nursing care: stop infusion, maintain iv patency, assess vitals, notify provider, anticipate shock treatment

38
Q

What is an occlusion

A

preset psi limit has been exceeded (too much pressure on vein)

39
Q

What is air-in-line

A

sensor detected air in the line

40
Q

what is infusion complete

A

preset volume has infused

41
Q

what is not infusing alarm

A

pump on, but not started/ functional

42
Q

what is door open alarm

A

inadequate closure

43
Q

what are 3 things to check PRIOR to administering IV medications

A
  1. compatibility of medications and running iv solutions
  2. find rate of medication administration (before entering the clients room)
  3. always practice aseptic technique
44
Q

What is a piggyback medication

A

an infusion of a volume of fluid/ medication over a set period of time in prescribed intervals

45
Q

What are 6 things to remember when doing IV’s

A

check compatibility
calculate the amount and prepare in syringe
scrub the hub
remove the cap from the syringe, inject
mix or agitate the iv solutions
label the bag, but do not write on the bag

Med surg 2 (6 decks)

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