Preoperative (Chp 17) Flashcards
are performed for the purpose of making or confirming a medical diagnosis. Frequently require the removal of tissue or cells for analysis. Eg. Breast biopsy, arthroscopy, and diagnostic laparotomy. Sometimes referred to as exploratory surgery.
diagnostic procedure
are done for purpose of the successful treatment of a disease or condition. Eg. cholecystectomy, hernia repair, open reduction of a fracture
curative procedures
surgery done for purpose of rebuilding tissues or body structures to achieve a more normal function and appearance. Eg. skin grafting and breast reconstruction following mastectomy
reconstructive surgery
surgery done for the purpose of alleviating symptoms caused by disease or a condition. Does not effect cure, but frequently improves the patients quality of life. Eg. doubling a tumor, performing a laminectomy to reduce spinal cord compression in a patient with me static cancer, and creating a colostomy in a patient with sever inflammatory bowel disease.
palliative procedures
performed for the primary purpose of improving physical appearance. Eg. liposuction, rhinoplasty, and beast augmentation
cosmetic surgery
surgeries that are scheduled in advance for a nonacute condition
elective procedure
performed for conditions that require prompt attention, within the next 48 hours (appendectomy)
urgent procedure
procedure that must be performed immediately to prevent serious consequences. Failure to perform this surgery in a timely manner can result in patients death
emergent surgery
ectomy
removal of, surgical excision to remove (colectomy)
ostomy
surgical creation of a permanent opening (colostomy)
otomy
surgical incision of or cutting into (thoracotomy)
plasty
surgical repair or reconstruction of (rhinoplasty)
orraphy
surcigal repair or suture of (herniorrhaphy)
scopy
use of a scope to view or look into an area (laparoscopy)
ASA1
A normal healthy patient
ASAII
A patient with mild systemic disease
ASAIII
A patient with severe systemic disease that limits disease but is not incapacitating.
ASAIV
A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
ASA V
A moribund patient who is not expected to survive 24 hours without the operation
ASA VI
A patient declared brain dead and whose organs are being removed for transplantation
preoperative teaching about the surgery and anesthesia
situational and procedural
preoperative teaching about what the patient can expect to see, hear, and feel
sensation and discomfort information
preoperative teaching to patients about how to participate in their own care
patient role information
preoperative teaching about specific skills to be used postoperatively, such as how to get out of bed with less pain or how to use the incentive spirometer
skills training information
preoperative teaching aimed at alleviating fears and anxieties
psychosocial support
what are the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting? (8)
Gender9women more than men) History (with other surgeries History of motion sickness Nonsmoker Use of certain inhalation anesthetics Opiods Type of surgery (gynecologic, abdominal, ear or eye) Longer surgeries
medications that potentiate (increase) the action of anesthetic (anesthesia) agents
antibiotics
anticholinergic (movement of smooth muscle to stop GI, saliva etc.) effects increase the potential for
confusion
how long before surgery should anticoagulants be discontinued
at least 48 hours
antidepressants may lower _________ during anesthesia
BP
