F and E Chapter Flashcards
hormone conserves sodium
Aldosterone
hormone causes hyponatremia (due to too much water)
ADH (stop peeing)
hormone released by heart muscle when contracts
arterial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
symptoms of? Thirst, low grade fever, peripheral and pulmonary edema, postural hypotension, altered mental status, neuromuscular irritability, coma or seizures
hypernatremia
treatment of hypernatremia
oral water replacement.
what is a major risk of hypernatremia
cerebral edema. water follows salt (also lungs)
why would you be at risk for hyponatremia
water retention, diuretics, vomiting diarrhea, GI suctioning, wound fluid loss, overuse of certain IV fluids (hypotonic solutions)
what is a waste product of proteins
creatinine
symptoms of hyponatremia
lethargy headache, confusion, personality changes, apprehension, seizure and coma brain damage possible
symptoms of over hydration in a patient with heart failure
crackles, dyspnea, shortness of breath, orthopnea, jugular vein distention, bounding pulse
treatment of hyponatremia
underlying cause, restrict water (to not further dilute the blood), intake sodium (oral unless severe
why can you not rapidly infuse sodium
raises concentration too much can effect myelin sheaths
why do burns affect potassium levels
cell injury (pot. is in cell). Causes hyperkalemia because levels are now OUTSIDE the cell due to their destruction
hyperkalemia occurs when?
increased pot. intake, decreased urinary excretion (AKI, CKD), cellular damage (burns), inappropriate IV fluids
what is a way to correct pot levels
insulin. opens channel for both glucose and pot.
