Prenatal Nutrition

Question 1

Events of Pregnancy

Answer 1

Zygote: Fertilized ovum
Embryo: 3rd to 8th week, most major
Fetus: 9th week
Baby: Neonate

Question 2

Critical Period

Answer 2

A finite period during devolpment of birth which certain events must occur
- Effect is irreversible if not met
Ex: Neural tube defect

Question 3

Prior to pregnancy

Answer 3

Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
Choose an adequate and balanced diet
Build up nutrional stores
Be physically active
Avoid harmful substances

Question 4

Prepregnancy Weight and Diet

Answer 4

Women who are underweight or had a low birthweight
- Greater risk of having low birth weight baby
- Harder to conceive
- Gain weight BEFORE becoming pregnant

Women who are overweight or obese:
- Greater risk of high body weight child
- Diabetes and hypertension
- Lose weight BEFORE becoming pregnant

Question 5

Birthweight

Answer 5

Single most important indicator of an infants future health status
- Low Birth Weight , 5.5 lbs
- More likely to die
- Devolpement delays
- Twins can contribute

Question 6

Should women be eating for two?

Answer 6

No, recommended 1-4 pounds in 1st trimester for all
2000 to 2400
- Caloric increase in 2nd trimester through lactation

Question 7

What is normal weight for mothers?

Answer 7

1-4 lbs
: 3.5 pounds during 1st trimester
: 1 pound per week after that
Where does all poundage go?
To baby: 25%
To mom: 75%

Question 8

Pregnancy nutrient requirements

Answer 8

• Most go up, but not proportionally
• Protein, Vit A, B3, Folate

: Folic Acid- Increase by 50%
: Iron- Increase by 50%

Supplements:
- Vit B12, Calcium, Vit D, Zinc

Question 9

Teratogens

Answer 9

An agent that causes malformation of fetus
- Fetal Alcohol syndrome, HPV, Hep B and C

Question 10

What should be avoided?

Answer 10

1. Herbal Supplements
2. Alcohol
3. Foodborne Illnesses: Deli meat, seafood, hot dogs

Question 11

Foodborne Illnesses

Answer 11

Toxoplasma gondii: Blindless and hearing loss in infants
Listera: Fetal death

Question 12

What should be limited?

Answer 12

Caffeine, nonnutritive sweetners, limit avoid fish and shellfish
- Increase Omega 3

Question 13

Physical Activity During Pregnancy

Answer 13

DOES NOT need to be avoided
- 20-30 mins of activity a day

Question 14

Common complaints of pregnancy?

Answer 14

Nausea and Vomit: Eat easily digested carbs, small snacks, avoid liquids with meals, limit high saturated fats
Constipation: Fiber intake increased
Heartburn: Don’t lay down after meals, eat small, frequent meals

Question 15

Pica

Answer 15

Purposeful ingestion of nonfood substances such as dirt, ice
- 2.4 higher risk of anemia and zinc defiencies
: See doctor

Question 16

Diabetes

Answer 16

Affects 2-10% of pregnancies
- Treatment: Less than 45% of calories from carbs
- At least 175 g of carbs to prevent keoacidiosis
- Less gluclose
- More exercise

Question 17

Hypertension

Answer 17

More likely in women who were obese before pregnancy
: 140/90

Question 18

Preeclampsia

Answer 18

Fatal, occurs 20 weeks or later
- Toxemia of pregnancy from hypertension or edema, organ dysfunciton
Treatment: Fruits, folate

Question 19

Maternal Phenylketonuria

Answer 19

Women with PKU before pregnancy, have high levels of phenyline in blood.
- Fetal exposure can result in microcephalgy, low birthweight, heart abnormalities
Treatment: Elimination of protien foods

Question 20

Nutrition During Lactation

Answer 20

Recommended to breastfeed 0-6 months, introducing foods after 6 months.
- Up to 1 year of breastfeeding
: 450-500 more calories a day
: Fluids important
: B6, B12, A,D