Nutrition for Older Flashcards
Population of
65 and older is increasing faster than the under 65 yrs population
- Living longer
- Adults over 50 and 70 have different nutritional needs
First Change in Older Adults
- Body Composition
- Decrease in androgens and growth hormone and increase in prolactin
- Leads to loss of bone and muscle and increase in fat
- After 50 yr muscle mass decreases about 1-2% a year
- 20-40% loss in muscle mass by 70y
Saracopenia
Loss of skeletal muscle, strength and function occurs with aging
- Decreased balance
Second Change in Older Adults
- Decreased appetite
- Decrease in lean body mass and metabolism
- Decreases sensitivity in special senses
Third Change in Older Adults
- Functional Limitations
- 33% over 65y has difficulty with one or more ADLS ( Activites of Daily Living ), like bathing, dressing, hygiene
- 12% have difficulty of IADLS
- Inflammaging: Chronic, low grade inflammation that is charactoristic of aging
: Risk factor for morbidity and mortality
: Increased severity of obesity
Fourth Change in Older Adults
- Psychosocial Changes
- Social isolation
- Eating alone is a risk factor for poor nutrition
- Depression is not a normal consequence of aging
- ^ Weight loss/ gain is a major symtom
Fifth Change in Older Adults
- Polypharmacy
- Several medications
- Side effects affect food intake
- Inverable relationship with fiber intake, fat soluable vitamins, b vitamins and minerals
- Postive with cholesterol, carbs, sodium
Older Adults need regular exercise
- Powerful predictor of mobility
- Benefits gained at any age
Different Exercises
Aerobic: Improves cardiovascular health
Endurance: Sleep quality
Strength Training: Posture and mobility
- Active adults are more flexible, decreased risk of falling and stronger
Recommendations: 2.5 hrs
Nutritional Needs
Calories decrease with age
- More focus on nutrient dense foods
- WATER: KIDNEYS LESS EFFICIENT
- Memory not as good
- 9-13 cups a day
Nutrional Needs Carbs, Fat, Protein
Carbs and Fiber: Whole grains important
- Fiber levels high
- Fruits and veggies
Protein Needs: Remain same
- Low k/cal sources: Fish, eggs
- Kidney disease; no limits on protien
- Liquid Nutrional Formula: Ensure
- Supplement for elderly who have a hard time chewing and or meeting needs
- Fats: Stored more easily
- Omega 3
Nutritional Needs
Vit A absorption increases with age ( less need )
Vit D ( needs increase )
Vit B12 and Folate ( needs increase )
Iron ( need decreases )
Zinc ( need increases )
Calcium ( need increases )
Vit A deficiencies foods
Green leafy veggies, milk
Vitamin D Food
Milk
Vit E foods
Whole grains, leafy veggies
Calcium foods
Milk, yogurt, cheese
Magnesium foods
legumes, nuts, chocalte
Potassium foods
Fruits, meats
Fiber foods
Whole grains, legumes, veggies
Chronic Conditions
Hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthriris, cancer, CHD
Obesity
Over 1/3 of adults over 60y are obese
- BMI increases with age
Alzheimer Disease
Progressive brain disorder that gradually distroys memory and cogniton
- Genetic
Malnutrition
Older adults are most at risk for inadequate intake
: 12-70% admitted to hospitals
- Associated with wounds like ulcers, immune supression, infection
Risk factors for malnutrtion in the elderly
DETERMINE
D: DISEASE
E: EATING POORLY
T: TOOTH LOSS
E: ECONOMIC HARDSHIP
R: REDUCED SOCIAL CONTACT
M: MULTIPLE MEDICATIONS
I: INVOLUNTARY WEIGHT LOSS
N: NEEDS ASSISTANCE WITH SELF CARE
E: ELDERLY OLDER THAN 80
