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Nutrition Exam #2 > Nutrition for Older > Flashcards

Nutrition for Older Flashcards

1
Q

Population of

A

65 and older is increasing faster than the under 65 yrs population
- Living longer
- Adults over 50 and 70 have different nutritional needs

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2
Q

First Change in Older Adults

A
  1. Body Composition
    - Decrease in androgens and growth hormone and increase in prolactin
    - Leads to loss of bone and muscle and increase in fat
    - After 50 yr muscle mass decreases about 1-2% a year
    - 20-40% loss in muscle mass by 70y
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3
Q

Saracopenia

A

Loss of skeletal muscle, strength and function occurs with aging
- Decreased balance

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4
Q

Second Change in Older Adults

A
  1. Decreased appetite
    - Decrease in lean body mass and metabolism
    - Decreases sensitivity in special senses
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5
Q

Third Change in Older Adults

A
  1. Functional Limitations
    - 33% over 65y has difficulty with one or more ADLS ( Activites of Daily Living ), like bathing, dressing, hygiene
    - 12% have difficulty of IADLS
    - Inflammaging: Chronic, low grade inflammation that is charactoristic of aging
    : Risk factor for morbidity and mortality
    : Increased severity of obesity
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6
Q

Fourth Change in Older Adults

A
  1. Psychosocial Changes
    - Social isolation
    - Eating alone is a risk factor for poor nutrition
    - Depression is not a normal consequence of aging
    - ^ Weight loss/ gain is a major symtom
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7
Q

Fifth Change in Older Adults

A
  1. Polypharmacy
    - Several medications
    - Side effects affect food intake
    - Inverable relationship with fiber intake, fat soluable vitamins, b vitamins and minerals
    - Postive with cholesterol, carbs, sodium
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8
Q

Older Adults need regular exercise

A
  • Powerful predictor of mobility
  • Benefits gained at any age
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9
Q

Different Exercises

A

Aerobic: Improves cardiovascular health
Endurance: Sleep quality
Strength Training: Posture and mobility
- Active adults are more flexible, decreased risk of falling and stronger
Recommendations: 2.5 hrs

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10
Q

Nutritional Needs

A

Calories decrease with age
- More focus on nutrient dense foods
- WATER: KIDNEYS LESS EFFICIENT
- Memory not as good
- 9-13 cups a day

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11
Q

Nutrional Needs Carbs, Fat, Protein

A

Carbs and Fiber: Whole grains important
- Fiber levels high
- Fruits and veggies

Protein Needs: Remain same
- Low k/cal sources: Fish, eggs
- Kidney disease; no limits on protien

  • Liquid Nutrional Formula: Ensure
  • Supplement for elderly who have a hard time chewing and or meeting needs
  • Fats: Stored more easily
  • Omega 3
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12
Q

Nutritional Needs

A

Vit A absorption increases with age ( less need )
Vit D ( needs increase )
Vit B12 and Folate ( needs increase )
Iron ( need decreases )
Zinc ( need increases )
Calcium ( need increases )

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13
Q

Vit A deficiencies foods

A

Green leafy veggies, milk

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14
Q

Vitamin D Food

A

Milk

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15
Q

Vit E foods

A

Whole grains, leafy veggies

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16
Q

Calcium foods

A

Milk, yogurt, cheese

17
Q

Magnesium foods

A

legumes, nuts, chocalte

18
Q

Potassium foods

A

Fruits, meats

19
Q

Fiber foods

A

Whole grains, legumes, veggies

20
Q

Chronic Conditions

A

Hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthriris, cancer, CHD

21
Q

Obesity

A

Over 1/3 of adults over 60y are obese
- BMI increases with age

22
Q

Alzheimer Disease

A

Progressive brain disorder that gradually distroys memory and cogniton
- Genetic

23
Q

Malnutrition

A

Older adults are most at risk for inadequate intake
: 12-70% admitted to hospitals
- Associated with wounds like ulcers, immune supression, infection

24
Q

Risk factors for malnutrtion in the elderly

A

DETERMINE
D: DISEASE
E: EATING POORLY
T: TOOTH LOSS
E: ECONOMIC HARDSHIP
R: REDUCED SOCIAL CONTACT
M: MULTIPLE MEDICATIONS
I: INVOLUNTARY WEIGHT LOSS
N: NEEDS ASSISTANCE WITH SELF CARE
E: ELDERLY OLDER THAN 80

25
Q

Fratility

A

Loss of strength and function
: The “ Frail “
- F: Fatigue
- R: Resistance
- A: Aerobic
- I: Illness
- L: Loss of weight

: Interventions- Exercise, protien-calorie supplementation, vit d, reducing polypharmacy

26
Q

Malnutrtion Risks

A

Possible Risks:
- Poverty
- Alcohol abuse
- Lack of awareness of assistance programs
- Disabilites

27
Q

Malnutrtion Intervention

A
  • Ongoing screening
  • Supplements
  • Monitor intake
  • Eating with others
  • Food programs
  • Small frequent meals
  1. Increase nutrient density foods
    - Ensure
28
Q

Quality of life or length of life?

A

QUALITY

Nutrition Exam #2 (9 decks)

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