Prenatal Infections

Question 1

General Theme

Answer 1

higher risk and incidence of small gestational age, hepatosplenomegaly, congenital dfects, microcephaly, and intracranial calcifications

Question 2

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 2

ingestion of oocytes from feces of cats (litter box)
- ASYMPTOMATIC
microcephaly, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, choreoretinitis, and seizures

Question 3

Rubella

Answer 3

rare due to vaccine
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
- meningioencephalitis, microcephaly, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 4

Cytomegalovirus

Answer 4

1% of newborn, maternal infection has 50% risk of infection
5% have neuro deficits
Transmitted through blood and breast milk
Intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, petechiae, purpura, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, choreoretinitis

Question 5

Alcohol toxin

Answer 5

most common prenatal toxin - amount consumed correlates with degree of toxin
FAS - microcephaly, mental retardation, IUGR, facial defects

Question 6

Cocaine

Answer 6

maternal hypertension and constriction of maternal circulation

• associated with spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, fetal distress, IUGR, low APGAR
• intracranial hemorrhages, necrotizing enterocolitis
• infant withdrawal

Question 7

Narcotics

Answer 7

IUGR, SIDS, withdrawal

Question 8

Tobaco

Answer 8

low birth weight

Question 9

Phenytoin

Answer 9

IUGR, mental retardation, nail dysplasia, phalange malformation

Question 10

Tetracycline

Answer 10

tooth discoloration and bone formation

Question 11

Accutane

Answer 11

hydrocephalus, microtia, micrognathia, aortic arch abnormalities

Question 12

Warfarin

Answer 12

abnormal cartilage development, mental retardation, deafness, and blindness