Dermatology Flashcards by Luke Matzek

Dermatology Terminology

Type
Arrangement
Location
Pattern of distribution
Progression over time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macule

flat circumscribed discoloration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Patch

larger flat lesion of color >1 cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Papule

Elevated circumscribed lesion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plaque

broad elevated lesion > 1 cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vesicle

circumscribed elevated lesion containing clear fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bulla

larger circumscribed lesion containing fluid >1 cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pustule

exudate containing lesion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nodule

circumscribed elevated lesion involving dermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wheal

blanching edematous thin erythematous papule or plaque

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Telangectasia

dilation of superficial vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Petechia

tiny red macules caused by capillary hemorrhage under skin

DON’T BLANCHE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpura

larger purple lesion cause by bleeding under skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Secondary lesions

Scale - flakes of keratin
Crust - dried remains of fluid
Fissure - linear painful cut in skin
Erosion - slightly depressed lesion (all epidermis lost)
Ulcer - depressed lesion extending into dermis and subq
Excoriation - traumatized superficial loss of skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute Urticaria

HIVES
- rash that comes and goes –> caused by histamine release triggered by allergens
- diagnosis - can blood test for allergens or skin testing
TX - avoid allergens, symptomatic tx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atopic History

ATOPIC TRIAD
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
asthma
allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Seborrheic Dermatitis

common in infants, no harm from condition

Tx - baby oil, small brush, frequent shampoo, low potency cream if necessary

Stages of acne

Comedones
- open vs. closed
Inflamed -> papules/pustules
Nodulo-cystic acne

Acne triggers

make-up, mechanical manipulation, occlusion, overzealous cleaning

Chronic Nickel Dermatitis

fairly common skin condition (delayed type IV hypersensitivity)
- reaction requires sensitization
Tx - avoid nickel, self-resolving

Impetigo

staph aureus and GAS

topical antibiotics (mupiorcin)
don’t want abscess to form!!

Acute contact dermatitis

vesicles, edema, erythema, pruritic

poison ivy

Topical steroids

Mild - hydrocortisone
Intermediate - triamcinolone
Potent - betamethasonedipropionate
Super potent - clobetasol
SE: atrophy, telangectasias, hypopigmentation

Tx for head lice

1% permethrin lotion
benzyl alcohol or malathion
Lindane
Brushing and washing bedding
Sealing unwashables in air tight bag

Scabies

itching at night as mite burrows into skin (wrist, elbows, fingers, toes) - secondary infections are possible Tx = permethrin at night

Ringworm

caused by fungi --> KOH scraping | lesion: mildly pruritic, annular, well-circumscribed, scaly plaque

Warts and Molluscum Contagiosum

Warts - HPV | Molluscum Contagiosum - virus, looks like wart but has central dimple

Diaper Rash

Irritant dermatitis - prolonged exposure to moisture, friction (tx with zinc oxide) Diaper Candidiasis - erythematous papule --> satellite lesions (nystatin- anti-fungal) Bacterial Infection - GAS, cellulitis (oral ABx)

Diaper Rash of serious illness

Zinc deficiency | Langerhans cell histiocytosis - crusty and weepy lesions, diagnose with skin biopsy

Focused History for rash

``` Duration Rate of onset Location Associated Symptoms FamHx Allergies New exposures Treatments ```

Key findings for allergic reaction

family history of atopy recurrent rapid onset and resolution of rash pruritis history of response to antihistamines

Urticaria type 1 hypersensitivity

classic pruritic lesion, circumscribed, raised, wheal - histamine release - lasts 12-24 hours - triggered by allergen

Papular urticaria

lesions caused by insect bites | pruritic

Streptococcal infection

rash of scarlet fever | fine, erythematous sandpaper-like rash

Erythema multiforme

acute hypersensitivity - symmetrical rash that evolves into sharply demarcated wheals --> target lesions - lesions stay fixed for weeks

Roseola

viral exanthem that follows 3-5 days of febrile illness HHV-6 - starts on trunk and spreads to extremities

Erythema infectiosum

rash starts on slapped-cheeks and progresses to trunk and extremities parvovirus B19

Erythema migrans

lesion associated with lyme disease | - red papule that progresses to "target" sign

Rash in infant

``` Seborrheic dermatitis Eczema Atopic dermatitis Candida rash Psoriasis ```

Pustular conditions DDx

staph folliculitis Acne - too much sebum production hidradenitis suppartive - pustular lesions caused by occlusion of apocrine follicular units (staph, strep pyogenes) Rosacea - malar and nasal surfaces, worse with certain foods Perioral dermatitis

Tx of acne

Mild - OTC benzoyl peroxide Moderate - ABx, BPO Severe - dermatologist, isotrtinoin

Tx of warts

salicylic acid