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Pediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatology Terminology

A 
Type
Arrangement
Location
Pattern of distribution
Progression over time
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2
Q

Macule

A

flat circumscribed discoloration

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3
Q

Patch

A

larger flat lesion of color >1 cm

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4
Q

Papule

A

Elevated circumscribed lesion

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5
Q

Plaque

A

broad elevated lesion > 1 cm

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6
Q

Vesicle

A

circumscribed elevated lesion containing clear fluid

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7
Q

Bulla

A

larger circumscribed lesion containing fluid >1 cm

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8
Q

Pustule

A

exudate containing lesion

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9
Q

Nodule

A

circumscribed elevated lesion involving dermis

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10
Q

Wheal

A

blanching edematous thin erythematous papule or plaque

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11
Q

Telangectasia

A

dilation of superficial vessels

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12
Q

Petechia

A

tiny red macules caused by capillary hemorrhage under skin

DON’T BLANCHE

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13
Q

Purpura

A

larger purple lesion cause by bleeding under skin

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14
Q

Secondary lesions

A

Scale - flakes of keratin
Crust - dried remains of fluid
Fissure - linear painful cut in skin
Erosion - slightly depressed lesion (all epidermis lost)
Ulcer - depressed lesion extending into dermis and subq
Excoriation - traumatized superficial loss of skin

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15
Q

Acute Urticaria

A

HIVES
- rash that comes and goes –> caused by histamine release triggered by allergens
- diagnosis - can blood test for allergens or skin testing
TX - avoid allergens, symptomatic tx

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16
Q

Atopic History

A

ATOPIC TRIAD
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
asthma
allergic rhinitis

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17
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

common in infants, no harm from condition

Tx - baby oil, small brush, frequent shampoo, low potency cream if necessary

18
Q

Stages of acne

A

Comedones
- open vs. closed
Inflamed -> papules/pustules
Nodulo-cystic acne

19
Q

Acne triggers

A

make-up, mechanical manipulation, occlusion, overzealous cleaning

20
Q

Chronic Nickel Dermatitis

A

fairly common skin condition (delayed type IV hypersensitivity)
- reaction requires sensitization
Tx - avoid nickel, self-resolving

21
Q

Impetigo

A

staph aureus and GAS

  • topical antibiotics (mupiorcin)
  • don’t want abscess to form!!
22
Q

Acute contact dermatitis

A

vesicles, edema, erythema, pruritic

poison ivy

23
Q

Topical steroids

A 
Mild - hydrocortisone
Intermediate - triamcinolone
Potent - betamethasonedipropionate
Super potent - clobetasol
SE: atrophy, telangectasias, hypopigmentation
24
Q

Tx for head lice

A 
1% permethrin lotion
benzyl alcohol or malathion
Lindane
Brushing and washing bedding
Sealing unwashables in air tight bag
25
Q

Scabies

A

itching at night as mite burrows into skin (wrist, elbows, fingers, toes)
- secondary infections are possible
Tx = permethrin at night

26
Q

Ringworm

A

caused by fungi –> KOH scraping

lesion: mildly pruritic, annular, well-circumscribed, scaly plaque

27
Q

Warts and Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Warts - HPV

Molluscum Contagiosum - virus, looks like wart but has central dimple

28
Q

Diaper Rash

A

Irritant dermatitis - prolonged exposure to moisture, friction (tx with zinc oxide)
Diaper Candidiasis - erythematous papule –> satellite lesions (nystatin- anti-fungal)
Bacterial Infection - GAS, cellulitis (oral ABx)

29
Q

Diaper Rash of serious illness

A

Zinc deficiency

Langerhans cell histiocytosis - crusty and weepy lesions, diagnose with skin biopsy

30
Q

Focused History for rash

A 
Duration
Rate of onset
Location
Associated Symptoms
FamHx
Allergies
New exposures
Treatments
31
Q

Key findings for allergic reaction

A

family history of atopy
recurrent rapid onset and resolution of rash
pruritis
history of response to antihistamines

32
Q

Urticaria type 1 hypersensitivity

A

classic pruritic lesion, circumscribed, raised, wheal

  • histamine release
  • lasts 12-24 hours
  • triggered by allergen
33
Q

Papular urticaria

A

lesions caused by insect bites

pruritic

34
Q

Streptococcal infection

A

rash of scarlet fever

fine, erythematous sandpaper-like rash

35
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

acute hypersensitivity

  • symmetrical rash that evolves into sharply demarcated wheals –> target lesions
  • lesions stay fixed for weeks
36
Q

Roseola

A

viral exanthem that follows 3-5 days of febrile illness
HHV-6
- starts on trunk and spreads to extremities

37
Q

Erythema infectiosum

A

rash starts on slapped-cheeks and progresses to trunk and extremities
parvovirus B19

38
Q

Erythema migrans

A

lesion associated with lyme disease

- red papule that progresses to “target” sign

39
Q

Rash in infant

A 
Seborrheic dermatitis
Eczema
Atopic dermatitis
Candida rash
Psoriasis
40
Q

Pustular conditions DDx

A

staph folliculitis
Acne - too much sebum production
hidradenitis suppartive - pustular lesions caused by occlusion of apocrine follicular units (staph, strep pyogenes)
Rosacea - malar and nasal surfaces, worse with certain foods
Perioral dermatitis

41
Q

Tx of acne

A

Mild - OTC benzoyl peroxide
Moderate - ABx, BPO
Severe - dermatologist, isotrtinoin

42
Q

Tx of warts

A

salicylic acid

Pediatrics (36 decks)

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