Prenatal Development Flashcards
The beginning of life which occurs when the genetic material of the sperm & egg unites to form a single-celled zygote.
Conception
How many days are female ovulation?
28 days
How many sperm is released if a woman has an intercourse with a fertile man?
300 million sperm
When does fertilization usually take place?
Within 12 hours
How many days can a sperm survive in the reproductive tract?
6 days
Refers to not being able to get pregnant after a year of trying.
Infertility
Blocked fallopian tubes; condition arising when bits of tissue lining the uterus grow outside the uterus.
Endometriosis
Intrauterine insemination; involves injecting sperm, either from a woman’s partner or from a donor, into her uterus.
Artificial Insemination
A process in which several eggs are removed from a woman’s ovary and manually combined with sperm in a laboratory dish before being returned to a woman’s uterus.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
What are the 3 prenatal stages?
The Germinal Period
The Embryonic Period
The Fetal Period
Prenatal stage that lasts approximately 2 weeks; for the first week or two, the zygote divides many times through mitosis, forming the blastocyst.
The Germinal Period
A hallow ball of about 150 cells that is the size of the head of a pin
Blastocyst
Prenatal stage that occurs on the 3rd-8th week after conception; during this short time, a process called organogenesis happens.
The embryonic period
A process in which every major organ takes shape.
Organogenesis
Prenatal stage that lasts from the 9th week of pregnancy until birth; encompases part of the first trimester and all of the middle & last trimester.
The Fetal Period
3 processes of prenatal brain development.
Proliferation
Migration
Differentiation
An intense period of cell growth, originating from the stem cells undergoing rapid cell division.
Proliferation
Cells move or travel to their intended location in the nervous system.
Migration
Cells change or transform into a particular shape.
Differentation
In which trimester do organs start to function?
By the end of the 1st trimester
In which trimester do more refined activities such a occasional thumb sucking appear?
During the 2nd trimester
In which trimester does the baby grow, develop, and start changing position to get ready for birth?
In the 3rd trimester
Has a general idea that environmental events & maternal conditions during pregnancy may alter the expected genetic unfolding of the embryo/fetus or rest its psychological functions.
Fetal Programming
Any disease, drug, or other environmental agents that can harm a developing fetus, by causing deformities, blindness, brain damage, or even death.
Teratogens
When a sleeping baby suddenly stops breathing & dies.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
A mild tranquilizer in Europe which relieves morning sickness.
Thalidomide
Used to make cigarettes; if smoked by a pregnant woman, it may be harmful for the baby & might cause complications.
Tobacco
A liquor that when consumed, it can affect the fetal development of the baby in serious ways.
Alcohol
A drug that can damage the fetus when used.
Cocaine
Several characteristics of the mother.
Age & Race/ Ethnicity
Emotional Condition
Nutritional Condition
What age is the safest & more typical time to bear a child.
25-34 years old
The fetal deaths in pregnancy (20 or more weeks gestitational age).
Stillbirth
The Prenatal environment is affected by how the mother feels about being pregnant or how her life is going while she is pregnant.
Emotional Condition
Most doctors recommend a well balanced diet since it can help reduce the risk of having low-birth weight babies; foods must contain folic acid (folate).
Nutritional Condition
Most crucial prenatal stage.
Fetal Period
Diseases that may affect pregnancy.
STD
Diabetes
Chicken pox
High blood pressure
Anemia
Etc.
External factors that can affect pregnancy.
Radiation
Mercury
Air pollution
Chemicals
Etc.
